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Lifespan Development > Test 3- 14~19 > Flashcards

Test 3- 14~19 Flashcards

0
Q
  • A boy’s first ejaculation of sperm.

–Erections can occur as early as infancy, but ejaculation signals sperm production.

A

Spermarche

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1
Q

•The time between the first onrush of hormones and full adult physical development.
•Usually lasts three to five years.
–Many more years are required to achieve psychosocial maturity.

A

Puberty

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2
Q

•Adrenal glands-Two glands, located above the kidneys

–produce hormones, including the “stress hormones” epinephrine (adrenaline) & norepinephrine

A

HPA (hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal) axis- A sequence of hormone production
–originates in the hypothalamus, moving to the pituitary and then to the adrenal glands.

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3
Q
  • The paired sex glands (ovaries in females, testicles in males)
    –produce hormones and gametes
A

Gonads

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4
Q

T/F About 2/3 of the variation in age of puberty is genetic

A

True

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5
Q

What is leptin?

A
  • A hormone that affects appetite and is believed to affect the onset of puberty.
  • Levels increase during adulthood and peak at around age 12
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6
Q

Compared to 100 years ago, adolescent sexual development is more hazardous, for five reasons:

A
  1. Earlier puberty and weaker social taboos mean teens have sexual experiences at younger ages. Early sex correlates with depression and drug abuse.
  2. Most contemporary teenage mothers have no husbands to help them, whereas many teenage mothers a century ago were married.
  3. Raising a child has become more complex and expensive.
  4. Mothers of teenagers are often employed and therefore less available as caregivers for their teenager’s child.
  5. Sexually transmitted infections are more widespread and dangerous.
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7
Q

Several aspects of adolescent brain development are positive

A
  • increased mylenation, which decreases reaction time
  • enhanced dopamine activity, promoting pleasurable experiences
  • synaptic growth enhances moral development and openness to new experiences and ideas
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8
Q

An aspect of adolescent thinking that leads young people (ages 10 to 14) to focus on themselves to the exclusion of others.

A

Adolescent egocentrism

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9
Q

–An adolescent’s belief that his or her thoughts, feelings, or experiences are unique, more wonderful or awful than anyone else’s.

A

Personal fable

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10
Q

•The other people who, in an adolescent’s egocentric belief, are watching and taking note of his or her appearance, ideas, and behavior.
–This belief makes many teenagers self-conscious

A

Imaginary audience

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11
Q

–Reasoning from a general statement, premise, or principle, through logical steps, to figure out (deduce) specifics.

A

Deductive reasoning (top-down reasoning

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12
Q

–Reasoning from one or more specific experiences or facts to a general conclusion; may be less cognitively advanced than deduction.

A

•Inductive reasoning (bottom-up reasoning)

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13
Q

–Erikson’s term for the fifth stage of development, in which the person tries to figure out “Who am I?” but is confused as to which of many possible roles to adopt.

A

•Identity versus role confusion

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14
Q

–Erikson’s term for the attainment of identity, the point at which a person understands who he or she is as a unique individual, in accord with past experiences and future plans.

A

•Identity achievement

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15
Q

Not Yet Achieved

•Role confusion (identity diffusion)

A

–A situation in which an adolescent does not seem to know or care what his or her identity is.

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16
Q

Erikson’s term for premature identity formation, which occurs when an adolescent adopts parents’ or society’s roles and values wholesale, without questioning or analysis.

A

(Not yet achieved)

-Foreclosure

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17
Q

–An adolescent’s choice of a socially acceptable way to postpone making identity-achievement decisions. Going to college is a common example.

A

•Moratorium

Also not yet achieved

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18
Q

Four Aspects of Closeness:
–Communication: Do parents and teens talk openly with one another?
–Support: Do they rely on one another?
–Connectedness: How emotionally close are they?
–Control: Do parents encourage or limit adolescent autonomy?
Closeness Within the Family

A

Closeness within family

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19
Q

Destructive peer support in which one person shows another how to rebel against authority or social norms.

A

Deviancy training

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20
Q

•Peer pressure

A

–Encouragement to conform to one’s friends or contemporaries in behavior, dress, and attitude; usually considered a negative force, as when adolescent peers encourage one another to defy adult authority.

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21
Q

The ability to ward off disease caused by microbes or environmental agent

A

Immunity (resistance)

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26
Q

The last part of the Adolescent body to be fully formed

A

The torso

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27
Q

Primary sex characteristics

Not: facial hair, breast development, or lowering of voice

A

Primary sex characteristic = maturation of the testes

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28
Q

Why are teenage girls more susceptible to STI’s vs mature women?

A

Fully developed women have some natural biological defenses against STI’s

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29
Q

Most frequently reported sexually transmitted infection

A

Chlamydia

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30
Q

Emotions rule behavior for many teens because

A
  • Onset of puberty is earlier,
  • amygdala matures before the prefrontal cortex
  • complexities of emotional restraint are beyond them
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31
Q

Physical traits that are not directly involved in reproduction, but that indicate sexual maturity- like mans beard and women’s breasts

A

Secondary sex characteristics

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32
Q

Time between first onrush of hormones and full adult physical development

A

Puberty

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33
Q

Parts of body directly involved with reproduction- vagina, uterus, ovaries, testicles, penis

A

Primary sex characteristics

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34
Q

Gland in brain that responds to a signal from the hypothalamus, and produces many hormones (growth hormones) that then control other glands like adrenal and sex glands

A

Pituitary gland

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35
Q

TF - leptin levels increase during childhood at peak around 12

A

True

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36
Q

HPG axis (hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad) axis

A

Sequence of hormone production

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37
Q

HPA (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal) axis

A

Sequence of hormone production

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38
Q

An organic chemical substance that is produced by one body tissue and conveyed via the bloodstream to another body tissue, in order to affect a physiological function

A

Hormone

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39
Q

Two glands, located above the kidneys, that produce hormones (incl stress hormones epinephrine {adrenaline} and norepinephrine )

A

Adrenal glands

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40
Q

What age would you expect acute self-consciousness to be at its highest ?

A

12

41
Q

What stage characterizes thinking that is no longer dependent on concrete experiences

A

Formal operational thought

42
Q

Dual-process model

A

Two networks exist within the brain, one for emotional and one for analytical processing of stimuli

43
Q

Klaczynski’s study of adolescent thinking

A

Showed teenagers can use logic but most did not

44
Q

Marisa drove her car to Las Vegas instead of flying after reading a story about a plane crash. This common fallacy is

A

Base rate neglect

45
Q

When it comes to religion most adolescents feel close to God

A

True

46
Q

“Secondary education” refers to

A

Grades 7-12th

47
Q

Low ebb of learning occurs in

A

Middle school

48
Q

T/F- study of LA middle school students suggested that having someone to blame makes students feel safer and less lonely

A

True

49
Q

T/F high schools today require students to take 2 years of math beyond algebra

A

True

50
Q

Mistaken belief if money time or effort (sunk costs) have been invested, then more should be invested in an effort to reach the goal… Fallacy- fixing a lemon, fight a losing battle, etc

A

Sunk cost fallacy

51
Q

International test taken by 15 year olds in 50 nations, designed to measure problem solving and cognition in daily life

A

PISA (programme for international student assessment)

52
Q

Thought that arises from an emotion or a hunch, beyond rational explanation and is influenced by past experiences and cultural assumptions

A

Intuitive thought

53
Q

Inductive reasoning (bottom-up reasoning)

A

Reasoning from one or more specific experiences or facts to reach and induce a general conclusion

54
Q

Belief that makes teenagers very self conscious- an adolescents egocentric belief people are watching

A

Imaginary audience

55
Q

Reasoning that includes propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality

A

Hypothetical thought

56
Q

Piaget’s fourth and final stage of cognitive development

- more systematic logical thinking, ability to understand and systematically manipulate abstract concepts

A

Formal operational thought

57
Q

Deductive reasoning (top-down)

A

Reasoning from a general statement, premise, or principle…through logical steps, to figure out (deduce) specifics

58
Q

Thought that depends on logic and rationality, and results from analysis (like systematic ranking of pros and cons, risks and consequences, possibilities and facts)

A

Analytic thought

59
Q

T/F- senescence begins in late adolescence

A

True

60
Q

Emerging adulthood, unprotected sex is likely to result in pregnancy within

A

3 months on average

61
Q

Baby boomers born

A

1946-1964

62
Q

Percent of emerging U.S. adults with an anxiety disorder

A

25%

63
Q

Diagnosis of schizophrenia most common

A

Age 18-24

64
Q

6’3 and weight 210

A

Overweight

65
Q

Stage of life where the greatest proportion of people are within the normal range for body weight

A

Emerging adulthood

66
Q

Johnson (2009) study- what age group reports the most binge drinking

A

21-22

67
Q

The Information-processing Approach studies how the brain encodes, stores, and retrieves information… And the Stage Approach evaluates whether a new level of cognition is reached by adults

A

True

68
Q

The ability to combine subjective thoughts from personal experiences , with objective thoughts from abstract logic is a practical skill of

A

A skill of postformal thought

69
Q

Moshmans puzzle study on cognition showed that emerging adults have

A

Cognitive flexibility

70
Q

The most advanced process of cognition

A

Dialectical thought

71
Q

Moral values are powerfully affected by

A

Culture and era

72
Q

Third stage of development of faith exhibits

A

A conformist acceptance of cultural values

73
Q

Kohlberg is to moral development as

A

Fowler is to development of faith

74
Q

Reason for high drop out rate of today’s college students

A

Lack the cultural knowledge or cognitive maturity to acquire the “social know-how” needed to navigate through college

75
Q

Aggressive young adults rates themselves as quite conscientious

A

True

76
Q

Sternberg’s form of love that includes passion and commitment but not intimacy

A

Fatuous love

77
Q

The similarity of a couples leisure interests and role preferences

A

Social homogamy

78
Q

Fighting between romantic partners that is brought on more by the situation than by the deep personality problems of the individuals. Both partners are typically victims and abusers

A

Situational couple violence

79
Q

Stage of cognitive development that enables one to combine contradictory elements into a comprehensive whole is

A

Postformal thought

80
Q

Labouvie-Vief, no one under 20 was advanced in

A

The integrated stage of self description

81
Q

Possibility that one’s appearance or behavior will be misread to confirm another’s oversimplified prejudiced attitudes is

A

Stereotype threat

82
Q

Test developed by Rest, to assess moral reasoning through ranking possible solutions to moral dilemmas

A

Defining Issues Test

83
Q

Fowlers development of faith

A

Progresses from simple self centered perspective to a more complex, altruistic view

84
Q

Period of emerging adulthood

A

18-25

85
Q

1% of adults experience at least one episode of schizophrenia

A

True

86
Q

2/3 emerging adults in us reach standard of exercising 30 min day/ 5 x week

A

True

87
Q

Normal BMI

A

Between 20 & 25

88
Q

Example of edgework

A

Bike messenger

89
Q

A method of reducing risky behavior among emerging adults based on their desire to follow standard social behavior

A

Social norms approach

108
Q

Puberty lasts how many years usually?

A

3-5

109
Q

Puberty begins with a hormonal signal from _______ to ________

A

Hypothalamus to pituitary gland

Puberty begins with a hormonal signal from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

110
Q

How much of adult bone mass is acquired between age 10 & 20?

A

Half (1/2)

111
Q

Living in a stressful environment has been found to

A

Result in earlier puberty

Lifespan Development (2 decks)

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