Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chem 5550 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

diagram that provides history of metallurgy

A

ellingham

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

pyrometallurgy

A

heat in the presence of a reducing agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

smelting

A

heat metal ore in the presence of a reducing agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

negative delta H is (endothermic/exothermic)

A

exothermic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

freezing of liquid water had negative/positive delta H

A

negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

dG is equal to ? and ?

A

dH-TdS and -nFE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

compound in an oxidation-reduction reaction that donates an electron to another species

A

reducing agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

compound in an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction that accepts an electron from another species

A

oxidizing agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

earliest metal reduced from its oxide to form pure metal

A

Cu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Common copper usually appears as an oxide/sulfide

A

sulfide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

process involving gas–solid reactions at elevated temperatures with the goal of purifying the metal component

A

roasting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

copper sulfide converted to copper oxide via ?

A

roasting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

copper sulfide purified as early as ?. Required temps of ?.

A

4000BC, 100C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Iron and other metal oxides required higher temps of about ? to reduce. Possible around ?BC (iron age)

A

1000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Magnesium is a 20th century metal despite one of its reactions being reduction by ?

A

carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

magnesium reduction requires high temperatures only obtainable with a ?

A

modern blast furnace, electrothermal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ellingham plots ? (x-axis) vs ?

A

Temp vs deltaG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a kink in an ellingham diagram indicates ?

A

a phase change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

large negative slope in ellingham diagram is indicative of ?

A

an increase in moles of gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

2 general mechanisms of electron transfer reactions

A

outer sphere, inner sphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Outer sphere electron transfer mechanism

A

1) interacting species come in close proximity 2) e- transfers when the two complexes geometries allow the transfer to occur adiabatically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

adiabatically

A

without further change in energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Inner sphere electron transfer mechanism

A

1) ligand capable of binding simultaneously to two metal ions of one complex bridges to metal center of 2nd complex 2) one ligand is replaced by bridging ligand and bridging ligand transfers to 2nd complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

latimer diagrams are also known as ?

A

potential diagrams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

purpose of latimer diagrams

A

obtain potential data for non adjacent species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

balance reaction in acidic conditions

A

1) balance moles of non hydrogen and oxygen species 2) add water to product to balance oxygens
3) add hydrogen to reactants to balance hydrogens 4) balance charge with electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

balance reaction in basic conditions

A

same as acidic plus 1) add same number of OH to reactants as there are H 2) cancel out water molecules from each side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Calculate standard electrode potential of two non adjacent species

A

1) convert electrode potentials of reactions bridging two non adjacent species to dG using dG=-nFE 2) Sum bridging reactions taking into account molar ratio with net reaction 3) Convert to electode potential with same formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

non adjacent electrode potential formula

A

[an(1)E(1)+bn(2)E(2)]/[n(x)]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

disproportionation

A

redox reaction in which a species is simultaneously reduced and oxidized to form two different products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

opposite of disproportionation

A

conproportionation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Calculate whether species undergoes disproportionation

A

reduction potential to the right of species minus reduction potential to the left in a latimer diagram. [reduction potential - oxidation potential]

33
Q

Frost diagrams plot ? (x-axis) vs ?

A

N (oxidation state) vs -nE (or dG/F)

34
Q

Frost diagrams are created from ? diagrams

A

latimer

35
Q

in a frost diagram, this species is assigned a y value of 0

A

zero oxidation state

36
Q

an oxidation state at the top of a “hill” in a frost diagram indicates the oxidation state favors (conproportionation/disproportionation)

A

disproportionation

37
Q

an oxidation state at the bottom of a “valley’ in a frost diagram indicates the oxidation state favors (conproportionation/disproportionation)

A

conproportionation

38
Q

Pourbaix diagrams plot ? vs ?

A

pH vs potential

39
Q

horizontal lines in pourbaix diagrams represent ?

A

independence of pH

40
Q

vertical lines in pourbaix diagrams represent ?

A

independence of potential

41
Q

strong oxidizing agents confined to (top/bottom) of pourbaix diagrams

A

top

42
Q

strong acid confined to (left/right) of pourbaix diagrams

A

left

43
Q

antiquity definition of acid

A

taste sour

44
Q

antiquity definition of base

A

taste sweet

45
Q

arrhenius acid

A

Forms H+in solution

46
Q

arrhenius base

A

forms OH- in solution

47
Q

Bronsted Lowry Acid

A

proton donor

48
Q

Bronsted Lowry Base

A

Proton acceptor

49
Q

kw=?=?

A

ka*kb=10^-14

50
Q

stong acid Ka is (greater/less) than 1

A

greater

51
Q

weak acid Ka is (greater/less) than 1

A

less

52
Q

stong acid pKa is (greater/less) than 0

A

less

53
Q

weak acid pKa is (greater/less) than 0

A

greater

54
Q

six common strong acids

A

HCl, HBr, HI, H2SO4, HClO4, HNO3

55
Q

5 common weak acids

A

H3PO4, H2SO3, HCN, CH3COOH, HF

56
Q

HCN pKa

A

9.3

57
Q

HF pKa

A

1.4

58
Q

H3O+ pKa

A

0

59
Q

HCl pka

A

-9.3

60
Q

HI pKa

A

-12.4

61
Q

strong acid pKa must be measured for relative strength with ?

A

less basic solvent than water

62
Q

Nobel prize for superacids

A

George Olah

63
Q

lewis acid

A

e- pair acceptor

64
Q

lewis base

A

e- pair donor

65
Q

all lewis acids are also bronsted acids? (t/f)

A

false

66
Q

all bronsted acids are also lewis acids? (t/f)

A

true

67
Q

lux flood acid

A

oxide ion acceptor

68
Q

lux flood base

A

oxide ion donor

69
Q

solvent system acid

A

cation resulting from autodissociation

70
Q

solvent system base

A

anion resulting for autodissociation

71
Q

aluminum was produced in ?AD by ?

A

~1800AD by electrolysis

72
Q

in an ellingham diagram, the slope is equal to ?

A

-dS

73
Q

magnitude of slope of ellingham diagram is equal to ? of the redox couple

A

standard potential

74
Q

reduction occurs to the (left/right) in an ellingham diagram

A

left

75
Q

Two caveats of Frost diagrams

A

1) diagrams usually just list comparative free energies under standard conditions (disregards pH dependence) 2) Say nothing about rates of change

76
Q

solvent leveling effect

A

makes measured pKa equal for all strong acid solutes

77
Q

acidic anhydrides (BOx) are more acidic when ?(2)

A

B is more electronegative and x is higher

78
Q

summarized concepts observed by Berzellius

A

Pearson

Chem 5550 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions