Test 3

Question 1

Sentencing

Answer 1

When the court identifies the punishment being imposed on the offender.

Question 2

The goals of sentences

Answer 2

Retribution, rehabilitation, inception, deterrence, restorative justice.

Question 3

Correction system

Answer 3

Suggests rehabilitation.

Question 4

Punishment system

Answer 4

Suggests retribution.

Question 5

Parole

Answer 5

The continuation of a prison sentence out of prison in the community under strict limitations and controls.

Question 6

Probation

Answer 6

The release of an offender from detention, subject to a period of good behavior under supervision.

Question 7

Adversary system

Answer 7

Two sides put forward their best cases. Civil and Criminal cases are based on this.

Question 8

Civil trials

Answer 8

The plaintiff sues for damages.

Question 9

Criminal trials

Answer 9

The prosecutor, the lawyer for the government, brings charges against the defendant.

Question 10

Opening statement

Answer 10

Tells jurors something about the case they will be hearing.

Question 11

Closing argument

Answer 11

Summary of the evidence.

Question 12

Verdict

Answer 12

A decision on a disputed issue in a civil or criminal case, do not have to be unanimous.

Question 13

Hung jury

Answer 13

The jury cannot reach a verdict, and a mistrial is declared.

Question 14

Peremptory challenges

Answer 14

Striking a certain number of jurors without giving a reason.

Question 15

Restorative justice

Answer 15

A response to criminal behavior that focuses on bringing together victims, offenders, and the community to restore harmony and resolve issues arising from a crime. It emphasizes restitution, accountability, and learning experiences for offenders.

Question 16

Mediation

Answer 16

The process of facilitating communication and negotiation between the offender, victims, their families, and the community. It aims to promote understanding, empathy, and resolution.

Question 17

Rehabilitation

Answer 17

A justice approach that focuses on addressing an offender’s needs for treatment, therapy, and personal reform to reduce the likelihood of reoffending.

Question 18

Retribution

Answer 18

A justice perspective that emphasizes punishment as a means of holding offenders accountable for their crimes. It is centered around the idea of restoring societal balance through penalties and consequences.

Question 19

Recidivism

Answer 19

The tendency or likelihood of an offender to engage in repeated criminal behavior after previous convictions or interventions.

Question 20

The Stubborn Child Law

Answer 20

Enacted by puritans which made child disobedience a capital offense, allowing a death penalty option.

Question 21

When was the first juvenile court opened?

Answer 21

1825

Question 22

When did the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles were entitled to their due process?

Answer 22

1967

Question 23

Juvenile offender act

Answer 23

Made it possible to try kids as young as 13 as adults for murder charges and as young as 14 for other violent crimes.

Question 24

Gault case

Answer 24

Made a prank phone call at 15 and was arrested and held overnight without his parents knowing. Resulted in the supreme court ruling

Question 25

Kalief Browder

Answer 25

Spent 3 years on Rikers Island for refusing a plea deal.

Question 26

School to Prison Pipeline

Answer 26

How American kids get pushed out of public school and into the juvenile criminal justice system.

Question 27

Why school to prison?

Answer 27

Harsh school policies and practices and an increased role of law enforcement in schools have combined to create a “schoolhouse-to-prison pipeline,” in which out-of-school suspensions, expulsions, and school-based arrests are increasingly used to deal with student misbehavior, especially for minor incidents, and huge numbers of children and youth are pushed out of school and into the juvenile and criminal justice systems.

Question 28

Alexander Paterson

Answer 28

Asserted that people should come to prison as punishment, not for punishment. This viewpoint suggests that prison should not leave people worse off from when they entered prison and prison should not be punishing.

Question 29

Net widening

Answer 29

Good intentions to decrease sentence severity just lead to more people under criminal justice system control.