Test 2

Question 1

Law

Answer 1

Formalized rules of social control codified in various authoritative sources

Question 2

Private/Civil Law

Answer 2

Concerns the rights and relations of private individuals and is often associated with lawsuits, suing, torts, and remedies for wrongs often monetary

Question 3

Public Law

Answer 3

Law that governs the relationship between the government and citizens, either individual or collective.

Question 4

Administrative Law

Answer 4

Law that governs administrative agencies such as the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and IRS (Internal Revenue Service).

Question 5

Criminal Law/Substantive Criminal Law

Answer 5

Defines, prevents, and punishes actions (and inactions) considered to violate society’s codified rules.

Question 6

Constitutional Law (framing law)

Answer 6

Establishes government and institutions, establishes fundamental principles and limits on law and government action. Procedural criminal law is part of constitutional law.

Question 7

Habeas corpus

Answer 7

The government cannot detain someone without legally acceptable reasons

Question 8

Ex post facto

Answer 8

Behavior cannot be criminalized after the fact.

Question 9

The Bill of Rights

Answer 9

Part of the constitution but also its own distinct thing.

Question 10

Procedural Law

Answer 10

Provides a set of rules for police and others who implement criminal law in the criminal justice system.

Question 11

Substantial Law

Answer 11

Conduct of every member of society.

Question 12

Procedural Government Law

Answer 12

Government conduct.

Question 13

Robbery

Answer 13

Involves violence or threat of violence, making it more serious than taking property or breaking and entering

Question 14

Actus Reus

Answer 14

The act, a guilty act

Question 15

Mens rea

Answer 15

The state of mind

Question 16

Concurrence

Answer 16

The agreement or correspondence between the act and the state of mind.

Question 17

Causation

Answer 17

The act and state of mind causing a harmful outcome.

Question 18

Over-Policing

Answer 18

Refers to excessive or unnecessary policing in certain communities.

Question 19

Broken Windows

Answer 19

A metaphor for crime suggesting that if visible signs of disorder and neglect are not addressed, more serious crime can follow.

Question 20

Deterrence Theory

Answer 20

Theory that states people are deterred from committing crimes by the punishment they may receive.

Question 21

Trial court

Answer 21

The court of original jurisdiction, where litigation begins and evidence is presented to the jury.

Question 22

Appellate Court

Answer 22

Reviews lower court decisions based on legal arguments, without live witness testimony or new evidence.

Question 23

The role of the prosecutor

Answer 23

District Attorney responsible for prosecuting criminals, preventing crimes, and supporting victims.

Question 24

Plea bargaining

Answer 24

The process where a criminal defendant agrees to waive their rights to a jury trial and pleads guilty to a lesser charge in exchange for certain concessions from the prosecutor.

Question 25

Criminal Defense

Answer 25

A legal response to a criminal charge.

Question 26

Denial of wrongdoing

Answer 26

Assertion of innocence, either in whole or in part.

Question 27

Absolute Denial

Answer 27

Denial of some or all elements of a crime.

Question 28

Affirmative defenses

Answer 28

Acceptance of the act but denial of legal culpability or acknowledgment of wrongful act with mitigating explanation.

Question 29

Elements of a crime

Answer 29

Actus reus, mens rea, concurrence, causation, and harm.

Question 30

Common defenses to criminal liability

Answer 30

Alibi, automatism, coercion/duress, defense of property,