Test 3 Flashcards
What quadrant is liver in? What function?
Right upper quadrant
Secretes and produces bile, metabolizes medications, detoxifies drugs and alcohol
What quadrant is gall bladder in?
Back side of liver in right upper quadrant
Stores and concentrates bile
Where in pancreas located?
Left upper quadrant
Secretes insulin and reg blood glucose levels
What are the major organs in the GI system?
Stomach, small intestine, colon
What are the accessory organs of the Gainsystem?
Liver; pancreas, gall bladder
The digestive process begins here
Mouth
Saliva mixes with food and forms this
Bolus
Bolus mixed with digestive juices and hydrochloric acid churn into a liquid called
Chyme
List the organs in the RUQ
Ascending colon, duodenum, gall bladder, right kidney, liver, pancreas, transverse colon, ureter
List the organs in the right lower quadrant
Appendix, ascending colon, bladder, cecum, rectum, ovary, small intestine, ureter right, right ovary, fallopian tube, spermatic cord
Which quadrant is the sigmoid colon in?
LLQ
What is the technique for the abdominal exam?
First use the bell of the stethoscope moving from RUQ clockwise, listening for at least 30 sec but 1 min to 5 min if experiencing hypoactive sounds, then use bell, use bell also to listen to aortic, renal, iliac, femoral arteries
Ask patient if they’ve had trouble urinating, pain, when last bowel movement was.
Palpate lightly in all 4 quadrants then deeply.
What is normal to hear when auscultating abdomen?
Clicks and gurgles at 5 to 30 per minute
Hyperactive-call borborygmus
Sounds more active over RLQ
What abnormal sounds do we listen for when auscultating abdomen?
Bruits, friction rub of liver and spleen (over rib cage)venous hum (over epigastric and umbilical area)
When percussing the liver and spleen, what should be felt?
Dull ness over liver and spleen
What sound is felt when percussing abdomen over air or gas?
Typany (hollowness)
Which organs are not palpable on adults? Discuss this
Liver and spleen usually not palpable when normal. Can palpate aorta/pulse strong, kidneys usually not palpable either
What does the different colors green; coffee ground emesis, and bright red bloody emesis mean when assessing color?
Green=bile, coffee ground = digested blood, bright red= active bleed
What do foul smelling, dark tarry stools, currant jelly stools, and light grey or clay colored stools mean?
Foul smelling: could be CDIFF very liquid light brown stool
Dark tarry stool could be iron supplement or digested blood
Currant jelly stool: could be partially digested blood from GI bleed
Light grey or clay colored stool could be bile duct obstruction or obstructive jaundice
With this condition, the patient will have a suddenly pain beginning on right side of lower abdomen, suddenly pain at navel that shifts to lower right side, worsens as he coughs, moves, walks, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, low grade fever that can increase, constipation or diarrhea, abdominal bloating
Appendicitis
This condition will likely present with severe pain in the upper right abdomen, pain can radiate to right shoulder or back, tender when touched, nausea, vomiting, fever, often occur after a large or fatty meal
Cholecystitis (gall bladder inflammation)
With this abdominal condition, the patient experiences burning pain anywhere from navel to breastbone, worse when stomach is empty, flares at night, temp relieved by eating certain foods or taking anti acids, if severe can show vomiting blood, dark blood in stools, nausea vomiting
Peptic ulcer disease
