Test 2 Lung And Cardiac Flashcards
This is the ridge where the manubrium attaches to sternum. Also where 2nd rib is
Sternal angle
The angle between the ribs and costal margins
Costal angle-90 degrees
During cpr, where are the hands placed to avoid breaking xiphoid process off and causing complications?
Above xiphoid process
When you flex your neck forward, which spinous process protrudes mostly? This is used as a landmark to inspect and auscultate lungs
C7
How many lobes does the right vs left lung have?
Left has 2 and right has 3 lobs but they’re both same size
In which direction do we auscultate lungs?
From apex to base (top to bottom) and each side. One full breath in and out per section
What can sometimes happen when a central venous catheter is placed in the chest wall?
Needle may accidentally nick the lung causing a pneumothorax or collapsed lung
Why are lung sounds always auscultate after a patient is intubated?
The right mainstream bronchus is more likely to aspirate and unsuccessful endotracheal intubation. If sounds are only hear on left side after tube placement, right side is blocked so we slowly pull out until we can hear on right side
What happens when the nurse hears crackles on auscultation?
Crackles usually signify fluid filling alveoli. Can be coarse or fine. Have patient breath in and cough 3 times, then listen again. They sounds like hair rubbing or Velcro opening. Mostly heard on inspiration
Sound heard in lung that’s a continuous high pitched musical sound. Caused by air squeezing through narrowed airways. Occurs in asthma.
Wheezing
Lung sound that’s a continuous, low pitched snoring sound from secretions moving around in airways. May clear with coughing. Heard mostly in patients with chronic bronchitis
Ronchi
What are the 3 voice sounds that are abnormal and found with consolidation or compression with pneumonia and pulmonary edema?
Egophony bronchophony, whispered pectoriloquoy
What are the accessory muscles patients use if having difficulty breathing?
Sternocleidomastoid, scalene, abdominal, internal intercostal, trapezius muscle
Normal respiratory rate for adults
12-20 breaths/minute
A high pitched crowing sound from upper airway. Results from tracheal or laryngeal spasm or constriction. lIFE THREATENING emergency requiring immediate attention
Stridor
Term for free air that creates a crackling sensation similar to bubble wrap or rice crispy cereal under the skin (felt)
Crepitus
Assessment is made to evaluate density of lung tissue. Place palmar base or lunar surface of hand on patient’s chest above scapula. Ask patient to say “99”. Vibrations of air in the bronchial tree are transmitted to chest wall when patient speaks. Note intensity and symmetry on each side. Normal = vibrations felt ok both sides
Tactile Fremitus
The 3 normal breath sounds?
Vesicular (lung periphery), bronchovesicular (heard more central) bronchial (heard over trachea and larynx)
What happens when you hear crackles on auscultation?
Fluid fills alveoli (crackles cause CRAZY fluid)
What are 2 membranous sacs in the thorax?
Visceral and parietal
How is breathing different for older adults?
Lungs lose elasticity, decrease in cartilage, thorax gets barrel shaped and rounded, risk for atelectasis, hypoxia, hypercapnia, acidosis, decreased gag reflex and cough
This is an adventitious breath sound that involves air moving through wet secretions can be fine (high pitched) or coarse (low pitched) long
Crackles
This is a continuous high pitched sound caused by small airways by severe toons, swelling, tumors -adventitious breath sound
Wheezing
This is an adventitious breath sound involving grating or creaking caused by pleural rubbing against chest wall, loud, coarse, low pitched
Pleural friction rub
