test 3 Flashcards

0
Q

What is part of the lower respiratory tract

A

Trachea, Bronchus,bronchiole, Terminal Bronchiole, respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveoli

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1
Q

What is part of the upper respiratory tract

A

nose, nasal cavity, pharynx(throat), larynx

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2
Q

What is in the respiratory zone

A

Respiratory bronchiole, alveolar ducts and alveoli

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3
Q

what is the function of the nose and nasal cavity

A

humidify, warm, and cleanse the inhaled air

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4
Q

What is the structure of the nose

A

Paired nasal bones (hard bones)
Hyaline cartilage
Paired nostrils (nares) are composed of dense regular ct

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5
Q

What is the structure of the nasal cavity

A

an internal space
formed by nose anteriorly
Floor is the hard palate and soft palate
Roof is composed of nasal, frontal,ethmoid, and sphenoid bones
Nasal septum

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6
Q

Structure of the nasal cavity

A

Internal space
Starts from nostrils and ends at choanae
Superior inferior and middle conchae for better turbulance
Nasal vestibule (inside of nose lined by skin and vibrissae or nasal hair)
Olfactory region-part of the roof
Respiratory region

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7
Q

What is the pharynx

A

Throat

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8
Q

What is the nasopharynx

A

Serves as an air passage way. Materials from the oral cavity and oropharynx are blocked from entering so no food or liquid should enter and is blocked by the soft palate.

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9
Q

What is the nasopharynx

A

Serves as an air passage way. Materials from the oral cavity and oropharynx is blocked from entering the nasopharynx by the soft palate.

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10
Q

How does the soft palate block the nasopharynx

A

it elevates during swallowing

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11
Q

what tonsils are located in the nasopharynx

A

pharangeal

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12
Q

What equalizes pressure

A

two openings of the pharyngotympanic tubes from middle ears

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13
Q

where is the oropharynx located

A

posterior to the oral cavity from the level of the soft palate to the hynoid bone

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14
Q

What is the fx of the oropharynx

A

Serves as a passageway for air and food.

Contains palantine tonsils and lingual tonsils

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15
Q

What is the location of the laryngopharynx

A

posterior to the epiglottis

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16
Q

What is the fx of the laryngopharynx

A

serves as a passageway for air and food.

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17
Q

what is the fx of larynx

A

Voice box -air passageway. no food.

18
Q

functions of the larynx

A

elevates during swallowing
produces sound when air passes thru vocal cords
assists increasing pressure in adominal cavity when epiglottis covers larynx
Participates in sneeze and cough reflex

19
Q

what does increasing the pressure in the abdominal cavity assist with

A

to get rid of fecal material or urine or during childbirth

20
Q

the larynx is composed of 9 cartilages-what are they

A
Single thyroid 
epiglottis
cricoid
paired artenoid, 
paired corniculate
paired cuneiform
21
Q

Which of the 9 cartilages that make up the larynx is the largest

A

Thyroid cartilage

22
Q

What is the epiglottis made of

A

elastic cartilage

23
Q

What is the anterior part of the thyroid cartilage called

A

Adam’s apple (laryngeal prominence)

24
Q

What are vocal folds (vocal cords) composed of

A

Vocal ligaments and covered by mucosa

25
Q

How is sound produced on vocal cords

A

air passes across them causing them to vibrte

26
Q

Contraction of the laryngeal muscles cause movement of the arytenoid cartilages and this causes what

A

changes in the length of the vocal cords and size of the glottis.

27
Q

Increasing the tension on the vocal cords does what

A

increases pitch

28
Q

What is the function of the vestibular folds

A

to help close the glottis when one swallows the food and it plays no role in sound production.

29
Q

Are male or female vocal cords longer

A

male

30
Q

What happens when vocal cords swell

A

decrease vocal production

31
Q

If vocal cords are abducted are they more relaxed or stretched

A

relaxed

32
Q

what is the trachea composed of

A

15-20 c shaped rings made of hyaline cartilage connected by elastic CT

33
Q

What is the last ring called

A

carina

34
Q

contraction of the trachealis occurs when

A

during coughing

35
Q

Most of the time the esophagus is open or closed

A

closed

36
Q

Carina is referred to by dr idiot as the

A

underpants

37
Q

What does the bronchial tree start with

A

left and right main bronchus

38
Q

What are the right and left main bronchus composed of

A

c shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

39
Q

The right or left main bronchus is shorter wider and more vertically oriented

A

right

40
Q

How many lobar does the left main bronchus divide into

A

2 lobar

41
Q

How many lobar does the right main bronchus have

A

3

42
Q

As the bronchial tree divides does their diameter increase or decrease

A

decrease

43
Q

As you move down the bronchial tree is is there more smooth muscle or more cartilage

A

more smooth muscle.