test 3 Flashcards
What is part of the lower respiratory tract
Trachea, Bronchus,bronchiole, Terminal Bronchiole, respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveoli
What is part of the upper respiratory tract
nose, nasal cavity, pharynx(throat), larynx
What is in the respiratory zone
Respiratory bronchiole, alveolar ducts and alveoli
what is the function of the nose and nasal cavity
humidify, warm, and cleanse the inhaled air
What is the structure of the nose
Paired nasal bones (hard bones)
Hyaline cartilage
Paired nostrils (nares) are composed of dense regular ct
What is the structure of the nasal cavity
an internal space
formed by nose anteriorly
Floor is the hard palate and soft palate
Roof is composed of nasal, frontal,ethmoid, and sphenoid bones
Nasal septum
Structure of the nasal cavity
Internal space
Starts from nostrils and ends at choanae
Superior inferior and middle conchae for better turbulance
Nasal vestibule (inside of nose lined by skin and vibrissae or nasal hair)
Olfactory region-part of the roof
Respiratory region
What is the pharynx
Throat
What is the nasopharynx
Serves as an air passage way. Materials from the oral cavity and oropharynx are blocked from entering so no food or liquid should enter and is blocked by the soft palate.
What is the nasopharynx
Serves as an air passage way. Materials from the oral cavity and oropharynx is blocked from entering the nasopharynx by the soft palate.
How does the soft palate block the nasopharynx
it elevates during swallowing
what tonsils are located in the nasopharynx
pharangeal
What equalizes pressure
two openings of the pharyngotympanic tubes from middle ears
where is the oropharynx located
posterior to the oral cavity from the level of the soft palate to the hynoid bone
What is the fx of the oropharynx
Serves as a passageway for air and food.
Contains palantine tonsils and lingual tonsils
What is the location of the laryngopharynx
posterior to the epiglottis
What is the fx of the laryngopharynx
serves as a passageway for air and food.
what is the fx of larynx
Voice box -air passageway. no food.
functions of the larynx
elevates during swallowing
produces sound when air passes thru vocal cords
assists increasing pressure in adominal cavity when epiglottis covers larynx
Participates in sneeze and cough reflex
what does increasing the pressure in the abdominal cavity assist with
to get rid of fecal material or urine or during childbirth
the larynx is composed of 9 cartilages-what are they
Single thyroid epiglottis cricoid paired artenoid, paired corniculate paired cuneiform
Which of the 9 cartilages that make up the larynx is the largest
Thyroid cartilage
What is the epiglottis made of
elastic cartilage
What is the anterior part of the thyroid cartilage called
Adam’s apple (laryngeal prominence)
What are vocal folds (vocal cords) composed of
Vocal ligaments and covered by mucosa
How is sound produced on vocal cords
air passes across them causing them to vibrte
Contraction of the laryngeal muscles cause movement of the arytenoid cartilages and this causes what
changes in the length of the vocal cords and size of the glottis.
Increasing the tension on the vocal cords does what
increases pitch
What is the function of the vestibular folds
to help close the glottis when one swallows the food and it plays no role in sound production.
Are male or female vocal cords longer
male
What happens when vocal cords swell
decrease vocal production
If vocal cords are abducted are they more relaxed or stretched
relaxed
what is the trachea composed of
15-20 c shaped rings made of hyaline cartilage connected by elastic CT
What is the last ring called
carina
contraction of the trachealis occurs when
during coughing
Most of the time the esophagus is open or closed
closed
Carina is referred to by dr idiot as the
underpants
What does the bronchial tree start with
left and right main bronchus
What are the right and left main bronchus composed of
c shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
The right or left main bronchus is shorter wider and more vertically oriented
right
How many lobar does the left main bronchus divide into
2 lobar
How many lobar does the right main bronchus have
3
As the bronchial tree divides does their diameter increase or decrease
decrease
As you move down the bronchial tree is is there more smooth muscle or more cartilage
more smooth muscle.
