test 3 Flashcards
biological aging (senescence) theory of aging
begins after our body structures reach maximum capacity and efficiency
DNA and body cells
programmed effects of specific genes, and cumulative effects of random events that damage genetic and cellular material
changes in fertility
decreases in both women and men but women go through menopause ending all abilities to reproduce
nutritional changes in midlife
more unhealthy behaviors, living more sedentary lives
epistemic cognition
reflections on how we arrived at facts, beliefs, and ideas
Erikson’s intimacy vs. isolation
thoughts and feelings about making a long-term commitment to an intimate partner and in close, mutually gratifying friendship
levinson’s seasons of life theory
-transitions and life structure
-dreams that guide decisions
triangular theory of love
passion, intimacy, and commitment
passionate love
intense sexual attraction
companionate love
warm, trusting affection and valuing of the other
compassionate love
concern for the others wellbeing, expressed through caring efforts to alleviate the others distress and promote the others growth and flourishing
social clock
expectations for major life decisions
egalitarian marriage
partners relate as equals, sharing power and authority
presbyopia
lens loses its capacity to adjust to objects at varying distances
presbycusis
old hearing
climacteric
midlife transition in which fertility declines
menopause
end of menstruation and reproductive capacity
leading cause of death
-women: cancer
-men: heart disease
osteroporosis
bone loss > risk of bone fracture > mostly in women
type A behavior
extreme competitiveness, ambition, impatience, hostility, anger outbursts, and sense of eagerness hurriedness, and time pressure
hardiness
personal qualities of control, commitment, and challenge > resilience
problem-centered
appraised the situation as changeable, identified the difficulty, and decided what to do about it
emotion-centered
internal, private, and aimed at controlling distress when little can be done about a situation
fluid intelligence
visual stimuli, working memory, analyzing
crystallized intelligence
skills that depend on accumulated knowledge and experience, good judgment, and mastery of social conventions
practical problem solving
size-up real-world situations and analyze how best to achieve goals that have a high degree of uncertainty
generativity
reaching out to others in ways that give to and guide the next generation
levinson’s four tasks of middle adulthood
- young-old
- destruction-creation
- masculinity-feminity
- engagement-separateness
possible selves
future-oriented representations of what one hopes to become and what one is afraid of becoming
Big five personality traits
neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness
kinkeeper
gathering the family for celebrations and making sure everyone stays in touch
sandwich generation
middle-aged adults must care for multiple generations above and below at the same time
functional age
actual competence and performance
life expectancy
-women outlive men by 5 years
-japan ranks the highest
-oldest verified age = 122
primary aging
biological
secondary aging
heredity defects and negative environmental influences
dementia
thought and behavior are so impaired that everyday activities are disrupted
types of dementia
alzheimers, parkinsons, vascular dementia
alzheimers disease
structural and chemical brain deterioration is associated with gradual loss of many aspects of thought and behavior
explicit memory
greatest loss: require control, strategic processing
implicit memory
without conscious awareness
remote memory
very long-term episodic recall is clearer than recent event
wisdom
wealth of life experiences reached in old age
eriksons ego integrity vs. despair
coming to terms with ones life
cross-linkage theory
when protein fibers bond with each other making skin less elastic, leading to less flexibility in skin and other organs. could also lead to cloudy vision, clogged arteries, and kidney damage
continuity theory
most aging adults strive to maintain a personal system that promotes life satisfaction by ensuring consistency between their past and anticipated future
continuity theory
most aging adults strive to maintain a personal system that promotes life satisfaction by ensuring consistency between their past and anticipated future
social-emotional theory
social interaction in late life extends lifelong selection process
brain death
irreversible cessation of all activity in the brain and the brain stem
clinical death
heartbeat, circulation, breathing and brain functioning stop, but resuscitation is still possible
persistent vegetative state
cerebral cortex no longer registered electrical activity but the brain stem remained active
death anxiety
fear and apprehension of death
kubler-ross’s theory: stages of grieving
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
hospice care
comprehensive program of support services for terminally ill people and their family
palliative care
relieves pain and other symptoms rather than prolonging life
advanced medical directives
written statement of desired medical treatment should they become incurably ill
living will
people specify the treatments they do or do not want in case of a death
durable power of attorney
authorizes appointment of another person to make health-care decisions on one’s behalf
