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Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Gas movement in/out of lungs

A

Pulmonary Ventilation

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2
Q

Gas movement in/out of the blood

A

External Ventilation

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3
Q

Area of the Pharynx that is comprised of stratified squamous and is in an air and food passage

A

Oropharynx

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4
Q

The area of the Pharynx is pseudostratified, ciliated columnar, and warms incoming air

A

Nasopharynx

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5
Q

Composed of 9 layers of cartilage and ciliated epithelial tissue

A

Larynx

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6
Q

Simple Squamous tissue, covered in fluid, site of gas exchange

A

Alveoli

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7
Q

Epiglottis to Larynx

A

Largngopharynx

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8
Q

Hard “C” shaped cartilages, flexible, ciliated columnar, filters, and warms incoming air

A

trachea

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9
Q

Bifurcation of the trachea, segmented

A

Bronchial tubes

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10
Q

How are the lungs divided

A

2L, 3R

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11
Q

The pressure of air exerted in the alveoli

A

Intrapulmonary air pressure

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12
Q

what happens during one respiratory cycle?

A

1 inhalation / 1 exhalation.
Diaphram and intercostals contract, thoracic activity increases vol. decreases pressure

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13
Q

Pressure exerted by a gas inverse vol.

A

Boyle’s Law

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14
Q

Gas vol. proportional to gas temp.

A

Charle’s Law

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15
Q

tot. pressure exerted by gas mixture = sum of partial pressures.

A

Dalton’s Law

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16
Q

amount of gas involved in fluid = solubility of gas + partial pressure

A

Henery’s Las

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17
Q

Intrapulmonary air pressure changes of 1mm Hg can move air in/out of lungs

A

True

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18
Q

Distendability of lung tissue and the use of surfactants to break up surface tension

A

Compliance

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19
Q

relationship of air reaching the alveoli and blood flow through pulmonary capillaries

A

Perfusion Coupling

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20
Q

Partial pressures and concentration gradients moving gas in/out of blood

A

Gas exchange

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21
Q

Air inhaled/ exhaled in one respiratory cycle

A

Tidal Vol. (Vt)

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22
Q

Air forcefully inhaled

A

Inspiratory Reserve Vol (IRV)
Male: 3100ml
Female: 1900 ml

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23
Q

Air inhaled that never contributes to gas exchange

A

Anatomical dead space

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24
Q

Air remaining in lungs after ERV

A

Residual vol.
Male: 1900ml
Female: 1200ml

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25
Total Lung Capacity
Vt + IRV + ERV + RV Male: 6000ml Female: 4200ml
26
Too few erythrocytes OR lack of hemoglobin
Anemia
27
Impaired blood flow to lung
Stagnant Hypoxia
28
poisons - cyanide blocks O2 content of air
Histoxic Hypoxia
29
due to low O2 content of air OR poor perfusion coupling
Hypoxemic hypoxia
30
What % of CO2 returns to lung as Carbonic Acid
70%
31
Temporarily Stop breathing during sleep
Apnea
32
Labored breathing, deep-rapid breathing
Dyspnea ( Kussmaul Respiration)
33
Increase rate of breathing due to exercise
Hyperpnea
34
Increased pulmonary ventilation due to anxiety, PAPER BAG
Hyperventilation
35
Decreased ventilation, Increased blood CO2, decreased blood pH
Hypoventilation
36
Progressive, caused by smoking tobacco OR mary jane
Emphysema
37
Frequent prolonged bronchial infections
Chronic Bronchitis
38
trouble exhaling, Increase mucus production, reversible if caught early
Asthma
39
Squamous cell carcinoma
Non-small cell lung cancer 200,000 cases/yr 20-30% all cases
40
Typically in smokers
small cell carcinoma 20-30% all cases
41
Affects women more than men, and non-smokers
Adenocarcinoma
42
5-10% of all cases, under 40,
Bronchial Carcinoid
43
Functions of Kidneys
- Regulation of blood vol - osmolarity of body fluids - filtration of blood plasma - regulation of acid-base balance
44
BUN level > 25
Azotemia (kidney failure)
45
"cord" contains renal nerve artery, vein, ureter
Hilum
46
connective tissue that cushions
Peri-renal fat capsule
47
Surrounds sinus
renal parenchyma
48
triangle-shaped features that point toward renal sinus
renal pyramids
49
Nephron- 85%- only goes down thru the cortex
Cortical
50
Nephron - 15% - go down to medulla
Medullary
51
ball of capillaries from the afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
52
extracts waste, water, and salts from blood
Bowman's Capsule
53
reabsorbs 65% of the filtrate back into the blood, simple cuboidal
PCT
54
creates counter-current flow conc. gradient, cuboidal and squamous tissues
loop of henele
55
The only molecules NOT exiting the glomerulus are proteins, blood cells don't exit either.
TRUE
56
Filtrate formed in a day
Male: 12.5 ml Female: 10.5ml
57
More Na & glucose together
Symporter
58
More Na into blood, H into cell
antiporter
59
Na out of cell K into cell
Na-K ATP pump
60
constricts the arteriole sphincters - decreases GFR
Sympathetic inputs
61
capillaries that are parallel to the LOH
Vasa Recta
62
Mechanism of GFR
-autoregulation of sphincters -sympathetic inputs - hormonal infuence
63
Molecules pass thru cell
transcellular
64
Molecules pass btwn cell
paracellular
65
where Na goes
water follows
66
what % of creatinine remains in filtrate and ends up in urine
100%
67
How much Uric acid should be returned to blood
100%
68
During periods of high blood pressure, the heart secretes ANP to inhibit ADH and Aldosterone. This effects water reabsorption in DCT.
TRUE
69
Characteristics of Urine
- pH of 4.5-8.2 - Urochrome and ammonia
70
Should NEVER be in the urine
Glucose, Hemoglobin, or Ketones.
71
Bladder anatomy
- 3 layers of smooth muscle, very distensible, expands as it fills,
72
Control of Micturition
Both voluntary and involuntary controlled.

A&P (4 decks)

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