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A&P > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Gas movement in/out of lungs

A

Pulmonary Ventilation

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2
Q

Gas movement in/out of the blood

A

External Ventilation

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3
Q

Area of the Pharynx that is comprised of stratified squamous and is in an air and food passage

A

Oropharynx

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4
Q

The area of the Pharynx is pseudostratified, ciliated columnar, and warms incoming air

A

Nasopharynx

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5
Q

Composed of 9 layers of cartilage and ciliated epithelial tissue

A

Larynx

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6
Q

Simple Squamous tissue, covered in fluid, site of gas exchange

A

Alveoli

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7
Q

Epiglottis to Larynx

A

Largngopharynx

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8
Q

Hard “C” shaped cartilages, flexible, ciliated columnar, filters, and warms incoming air

A

trachea

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9
Q

Bifurcation of the trachea, segmented

A

Bronchial tubes

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10
Q

How are the lungs divided

A

2L, 3R

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11
Q

The pressure of air exerted in the alveoli

A

Intrapulmonary air pressure

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12
Q

what happens during one respiratory cycle?

A

1 inhalation / 1 exhalation.
Diaphram and intercostals contract, thoracic activity increases vol. decreases pressure

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13
Q

Pressure exerted by a gas inverse vol.

A

Boyle’s Law

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14
Q

Gas vol. proportional to gas temp.

A

Charle’s Law

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15
Q

tot. pressure exerted by gas mixture = sum of partial pressures.

A

Dalton’s Law

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16
Q

amount of gas involved in fluid = solubility of gas + partial pressure

A

Henery’s Las

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17
Q

Intrapulmonary air pressure changes of 1mm Hg can move air in/out of lungs

A

True

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18
Q

Distendability of lung tissue and the use of surfactants to break up surface tension

A

Compliance

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19
Q

relationship of air reaching the alveoli and blood flow through pulmonary capillaries

A

Perfusion Coupling

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20
Q

Partial pressures and concentration gradients moving gas in/out of blood

A

Gas exchange

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21
Q

Air inhaled/ exhaled in one respiratory cycle

A

Tidal Vol. (Vt)

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22
Q

Air forcefully inhaled

A

Inspiratory Reserve Vol (IRV)
Male: 3100ml
Female: 1900 ml

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23
Q

Air inhaled that never contributes to gas exchange

A

Anatomical dead space

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24
Q

Air remaining in lungs after ERV

A

Residual vol.
Male: 1900ml
Female: 1200ml

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25
Q

Total Lung Capacity

A

Vt + IRV + ERV + RV
Male: 6000ml
Female: 4200ml

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26
Q

Too few erythrocytes OR lack of hemoglobin

A

Anemia

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27
Q

Impaired blood flow to lung

A

Stagnant Hypoxia

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28
Q

poisons - cyanide blocks O2 content of air

A

Histoxic Hypoxia

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29
Q

due to low O2 content of air OR poor perfusion coupling

A

Hypoxemic hypoxia

30
Q

What % of CO2 returns to lung as Carbonic Acid

A

70%

31
Q

Temporarily Stop breathing during sleep

A

Apnea

32
Q

Labored breathing, deep-rapid breathing

A

Dyspnea ( Kussmaul Respiration)

33
Q

Increase rate of breathing due to exercise

A

Hyperpnea

34
Q

Increased pulmonary ventilation due to anxiety, PAPER BAG

A

Hyperventilation

35
Q

Decreased ventilation, Increased blood CO2, decreased blood pH

A

Hypoventilation

36
Q

Progressive, caused by smoking tobacco OR mary jane

A

Emphysema

37
Q

Frequent prolonged bronchial infections

A

Chronic Bronchitis

38
Q

trouble exhaling, Increase mucus production, reversible if caught early

A

Asthma

39
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Non-small cell lung cancer
200,000 cases/yr
20-30% all cases

40
Q

Typically in smokers

A

small cell carcinoma
20-30% all cases

41
Q

Affects women more than men, and non-smokers

A

Adenocarcinoma

42
Q

5-10% of all cases, under 40,

A

Bronchial Carcinoid

43
Q

Functions of Kidneys

A
  • Regulation of blood vol
  • osmolarity of body fluids
  • filtration of blood plasma
  • regulation of acid-base balance
44
Q

BUN level > 25

A

Azotemia (kidney failure)

45
Q

“cord” contains renal nerve artery, vein, ureter

A

Hilum

46
Q

connective tissue that cushions

A

Peri-renal fat capsule

47
Q

Surrounds sinus

A

renal parenchyma

48
Q

triangle-shaped features that point toward renal sinus

A

renal pyramids

49
Q

Nephron- 85%- only goes down thru the cortex

A

Cortical

50
Q

Nephron - 15% - go down to medulla

A

Medullary

51
Q

ball of capillaries from the afferent arteriole

A

Glomerulus

52
Q

extracts waste, water, and salts from blood

A

Bowman’s Capsule

53
Q

reabsorbs 65% of the filtrate back into the blood, simple cuboidal

A

PCT

54
Q

creates counter-current flow conc. gradient, cuboidal and squamous tissues

A

loop of henele

55
Q

The only molecules NOT exiting the glomerulus are proteins, blood cells don’t exit either.

A

TRUE

56
Q

Filtrate formed in a day

A

Male: 12.5 ml
Female: 10.5ml

57
Q

More Na & glucose together

A

Symporter

58
Q

More Na into blood, H into cell

A

antiporter

59
Q

Na out of cell K into cell

A

Na-K ATP pump

60
Q

constricts the arteriole sphincters - decreases GFR

A

Sympathetic inputs

61
Q

capillaries that are parallel to the LOH

A

Vasa Recta

62
Q

Mechanism of GFR

A

-autoregulation of sphincters
-sympathetic inputs
- hormonal infuence

63
Q

Molecules pass thru cell

A

transcellular

64
Q

Molecules pass btwn cell

A

paracellular

65
Q

where Na goes

A

water follows

66
Q

what % of creatinine remains in filtrate and ends up in urine

A

100%

67
Q

How much Uric acid should be returned to blood

A

100%

68
Q

During periods of high blood pressure, the heart secretes ANP to inhibit ADH and Aldosterone. This effects water reabsorption in DCT.

A

TRUE

69
Q

Characteristics of Urine

A
  • pH of 4.5-8.2
  • Urochrome and ammonia
70
Q

Should NEVER be in the urine

A

Glucose, Hemoglobin, or Ketones.

71
Q

Bladder anatomy

A
  • 3 layers of smooth muscle, very distensible, expands as it fills,
72
Q

Control of Micturition

A

Both voluntary and involuntary controlled.

A&P (4 decks)

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