Test 3

Question 1

On what is the arcaded courtyard in Gros’s Napoleon Visiting the Pest House at Jaffa based?

Answer 1

Islamic architecture.

Question 2

What is the pose of Marie-Guillemine Benoist’s Portrait of Madeleine probably intended to recall?

Answer 2

It was intended to recall Raphael’s The Fornarina (1518-1519).

Question 3

What are the two cultural poles represented by Chactas and the hooded priest in Girodet’s Burial of Atala?

Answer 3

. Native Americans (nature and the earth) and the hooded priest (the pull of religion).

Question 4

What is the sculpted object shown next to Jean-Baptiste Belley in Girodet’s Portrait of Belley?

Answer 4

A bust of Guillaume-Thomas Raynal.

Question 5

What room is the main source of inspiration for Ingres’s Apotheosis of Homer?

Answer 5

Rapheal’s Stanza della Segnatura.

Question 6

Who owned Ingres’s Grande Odalisque?

Answer 6

Caroline Murat - Queen of Naples and Bonaparte’s sister.

Question 7

What is the implied setting of Ingres’s Grande Odalisque?

Answer 7

The implied setting is that of an Islamic/Turkish harem.

Question 8

What did critics say about the skin of the three figures in Odalisque with a Slave by Ingres?

Answer 8

Critics praised Ingres for having captured the “variety and nature of the races.”

Question 9

On what did Ingres base the figure of the musician in Odalisque with a Slave?

Answer 9

He studied a European woman model for his Ethiopian slave (at the time the slave was assumed to be Abyssinian).

Question 10

What is the art historical term for the feeling evoked by the vast, disturbing, painful, frightening, or ugly?

Answer 10

The sublime; is ”of such excellence, grandeur, or beauty as to inspire great admiration or awe.”

Question 11

What printmaking technique is responsible for the speckling of the background of The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters by Francisco Goya?

Answer 11

Aquatint.

Question 12

What does the pose of the man in white in Goya’s Third of May, 1808 evoke?

Answer 12

Outstretched arms evoke Christ on the Cross. He has a wound on his hand, and he is more illuminated.

Question 13

What is the significance of the black man at the apex of the pyramid in Théodore Géricault’s Raft of the Medusa?

Answer 13

He is one of the 15 survivors, a soldier named Jean Charles. Waved down Medusa’s companionship, Argus. France was trying to re-establish its colony in Senegal, West Africa, but by this point they had already liberated slaves - the French were proud of being such forward-thinking people. The ship was on a journey to West Africa, where it hit a rock and sank.

Question 14

Who owned Géricault’s portraits of the insane?

Answer 14

Etienne-Jean Georget, an alienist.

Question 15

Why is the nude woman in the foreground of Delacroix’s Death of Sardanapalus being killed?

Answer 15

He ordered all of his personal belongings, including his concubines, to be killed in favor of not being taken/raided by the enemy.

Question 16

What was the name of the Sultanate in which the Indian painting of Shah Jahan as an older man was produced?

Answer 16

Abul Hasan Qutb Shah.

Question 17

What is the building with two towers in the background of Liberty Leading the People by Delacroix?

Answer 17

Notre Dame, Paris. Allegorical painting, the personification of liberty.

Question 18

What was the political context for Delacroix’s watercolor showing the approach to Meknes?

Answer 18

France was in the process of colonizing what is now the country of Algeria, which is east of Morocco. They were trying to get help from Morocco

Question 19

What are the notes Delacroix leaves for himself in his drawing of A Harem in Algiers?

Answer 19

Color notes of the clothing. The white shirt with flowers turns from gold to salmon in the painting.

Question 20

In what ways is Jean-Léon Gérôme’s Prayer on the Rooftops associated with a colonial ideology?

Answer 20

The men are all shown facing the same way, suppressing any sense of individuality that we’ve seen in paintings of Europeans. This painting makes Middle Eastern people seem like mindless acolytes of Islam - people who are brainwashed and have no individuality. Exoticisizing, mired in the past, and unmodern.

Question 21

What are the sources that Osman Hamdi Bey stitches together into a unified image in his At the Mosque Door of 1891?

Answer 21

He and his family members as models, and he uses various architectural styles from different photographs and places, as well as objects and props from his studio—also, ethnographic costumes.

Question 22

How does the subject of The Burial at Ornans correspond to Courbet’s Realist values?

Answer 22

He doesn’t paint angels because he has never seen angels - he only paints things he has seen with his own eyes. The subject at Ornan is a very humble burial - it’s not a scene from classical myth, it’s something Courbet knows is a real and rough subject. He is elevating this humble and rustic subject to the status of a painting by doing so on this scale; it is a large painting.

Question 23

What is the relationship of Edouard Manet’s Le Déjeuner sur l’herbe to Marcantonio Raimondi’s Judgment of Paris?

Answer 23

The sources of the three figures are found in Marcantonio’s Judgement of Paris.

Question 24

What is the identity of the model who posed as the black maid in Manet’s Olympia?

Answer 24

Laure, an Afro-Caribbean Parisian.

Question 25

How did critics react to Manet’s Olympia?

Answer 25

They were appalled by the painting; many described Olympia as being described as a cadaver, and some said her hands looked like toads. It was said the body was too hard and angular, as people are used to softer and curvier [women], and her gaze is harsh and imperial - yet absent at the same time.

Question 26

What is the source of the title of Edmonia Lewis’s Forever Free?

Answer 26

Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation.

Question 27

Edmonia Lewis’s Old Arrow Maker could potentially be an allegory about what?

Answer 27

May refer to hopes of reconciliation between the North and South after the American Civil War.

Question 28

What are the two sources of light in Henry Ossawa Tanner’s The Banjo Lesson?

Answer 28

A bluish daylight coming from the left, and a warm firelight coming from the right.

Question 29

Why is the way Tanner signed Nicodemus significant?

Answer 29

He was there when he painted it, he had seen Jerusalem with his own eyes and wanted to emphasize that.

Question 30

What enabled the Impressionists to paint outdoors?

Answer 30

Pre-mixed tubes of paint.

Question 31

What is the term given to the type of artwork represented by Katsushika Hokusai’s Under the Wave off Kanagawa?

Answer 31

Ukiyo-e.

Question 32

What was Monet’s attitude toward La Japonaise after it was put on display?

Answer 32

He was ashamed and embarrassed, quickly withdrawing it from the gallery.

Question 33

What kind of Japanese print informed The Tub by Degas?

Answer 33

A Nishiki-e (translation: brocade picture) print by Torii Kiyonaga. (Interior of a Bathhouse (1787)

Question 34

What is the name of the printmaking technique that Degas used to make The Serious Client?

Answer 34

Monotype.

Question 35

In what way do the bathing scenes represented by Mary Cassatt differ from the ones shown by Degas in The Tub?

Answer 35

As opposed to showing the body as sexual, Cassatt showcases the woman bathing as simply a part of getting ready for work.

Question 36

What was the source for the courtesan figure in Van Gogh’s painting of Père Tanguy?

Answer 36

Based on a woodblock print by Kesai Eisen. (Courtesan (1820s).

Question 37

What type of ceramic is thought to be a source for Paul Gauguin’s Jug in the Form of a Head, Self-Portrait?

Answer 37

The assumed source of this is Portrait Head Bottle (5th-6th Centuries), the Moche artist.

Question 38

What type of art is thought to have been a source for the roundness and suppleness of Gauguin’s idols?

Answer 38

Gauguin looks to Indonesian artists’ sculptures, where he gains inspiration for the roundness and suppleness of his models because he doesn’t like the traditional Tahiti art for how angular and sharp it is; he sources from other cultures to give himself the vision of what he thinks Tahitian art should be.

Question 39

What are the visual anomalies of Cézanne’s Basket of Apples?

Answer 39

The horizontal lines don’t line up, the curves of the bottle aren’t symmetrical, and some pieces of fruit are quite strange looking both shape and perspective-wise.

Question 40

To whom was Akati Akpele Kendo’s Agojie dedicated?

Answer 40

Dedicated to Gu, god of war, and patron of blacksmiths.