Test 2

Question 1

What is notable about Caravaggio’s Basket of Fruit of 1597?

Answer 1

It’s the first independent still-life painting made by an Italian artist. This painting is a still life with damaged/ rotting fruit.

Question 2

What do we know about Caravaggio’s working technique?

Answer 2

He did not draw or sketch a base, he painted straight from what he saw. He doesn’t have any (surviving) preparatory drawings.

Question 3

Who were the painters whose classicizing art was found on the ceiling of the gallery in the Farnese Palace containing Odoardo Farnese’s collection of antique sculptures?

Answer 3

Annibale Caracci with assistance from Agostino Caracci.

Question 4

What does the pointing hand of Christ in Caravaggio’s Calling of Saint Matthew recall?

Answer 4

The hand of Adam in Michelangelo’s Sistine ceiling.

Question 5

Whose likeness does Caravaggio use for the head of Goliath in his David with the Head of Goliath?

Answer 5

His own. It was practical, and it may have had something to do with something psychological because of his crime of murder.

Question 6

How does Artemisia Gentileschi’s version of Judith Slaying Holofernes differ from the one by Caravaggio painted about 22 years earlier?

Answer 6

Artemisia:
Younger handmaiden
Characters more involved in the act of killing
Judith dressed elegantly
Portrait style

Caravaggio:
Older handmaiden
Judith dressed plainly
Landscape style

Question 7

What do the arcs of blood spurting from Holofernes’s neck wound in Artemisia Gentileschi’s Judith Slaying Holofernes resemble?

Answer 7

They resemble Galelio’s scientific parabolas.

Question 8

What is the term used for the effect of Francisco de Zurbarán’s Christ on the Cross when it was displayed behind the altar at San Pablo el Real in Seville?

Answer 8

Trompe l’oeil-

Deceives the eye to make it seem like there’s something three dimensional behind the altar

Question 9

How does Velázquez’s Water Carrier of Seville portray its principal figure?

Answer 9

He portrays him with a lot of dignity as opposed to a scoundrel.; it shows someone from a humble profession, with dignity instead of scorn which is unusual. This is a ‘bodegon’ which is a genre of painting that represents everyday life.

Question 10

In Surrender of Breda by Velázquez, who is presenting the key to the commander of the Spanish forces?

Answer 10

Justinus of Nassau.

Question 11

What makes Velázquez’s portrait of Juan de Pareja unusual within the genre of portraiture?

Answer 11

It is not usual to represent slaves in portraiture.

Question 12

What does the red cross on Velázquez’s chest in Las Meninas signify?

Answer 12

Membership of order of Santiago, the cross was added after completion of the painting.

Question 13

What is significant about the mirror, the silver tray, and the red vessel on the tray in Las Meninas?

Answer 13

They all represent the new world in some way, representing that these are all a result of Spanish colonialism.

Question 14

What is the format of the Elevation of the Cross by Rubens?

Answer 14

Triptych - 3 panels.

Question 15

Who is the figure dressed in a yellow daopao in The Miracles of Francis Xavier by Rubens?

Answer 15

The Chinese merchant, Yippong

Question 16

What is the main source for the Indian painting of the Deposition painted around 1598?

Answer 16

A print by Marcantonio Raimondi

Question 17

In Bichitr’s Jahangir Preferring a Sufi Shaykh to Kings, the Mughal emperor hands
a book to the Sufi shaykh over which kings?

Answer 17

Two, The ottoman Sultan and James the First of England

Question 18

What do we know about the Jesuits’ use of the illustrations of the Gospel Stories
in Asia?

Answer 18

Gospel events present in book by Geronimo Nadal, book was brought by Jesuit missionaries to Asia, Nativity was copied by an Indian artist, book was reissued in Chinese by another Jesuit, Giulio Aleni, (Chinese woodcut)

Also includes didactic legend in Chinese, took some stylistic liberties to make the piece more relatable

Question 19

In the painting by Dong Qichang after Ni Zan in his Landscapes after Old Masters,
what is different about Dong’s representation of the landscape vis-à-vis Ni Zan’s
fourteenth-century approach?

Answer 19

Hatching and tilted ground plane, closer to European art.

Question 20

What was the source for the idol in the background of The Martyrdom of Saint
Thomas by Rubens?

Answer 20

The sculpted handle of an Indonesian dagger called a “kris.”

Question 21

Who is the figure with cuckold’s horns in the bottom right of The Felicity of the Regency
by Rubens?

Answer 21

Envy

Question 22

What do we know about the Triumph of the Church by Rubens and its afterlife?

Answer 22

It was ade for a convent in Madrid. Tapestry designs translated into pint around the middle of the 17th century and reimagined in Puebla Mexico, the same composition more or less, made by Baltazar de Echave rioja, who had never been to Spain and had to reimagine the color scheme

Question 23

Who were Rembrandt’s principal patrons?

Answer 23

Dutch east india company members

Question 24

Which part of the body does The Anatomy Lesson of Doctor Nicolaes Tulp by Rembrandt show the doctor demonstrator working on?

Answer 24

The left forearm

Question 25

Why was Rembrandt’s Night Watch believed to be taking place at night?

Answer 25

Because the varnish Rembrandt used had darkened quite a bit a century later
Supposed to be a parade during the day

Question 26

Who was Philips Lucasz?

Answer 26

A ship commander for the dutch east India company made money from trade and travel, and successfully lead dutch fleets back and forth, Rembrandt made a portrait of him

Question 27

How do we know that Bichitr was the painter who made the image of Shah Jahan standing on a globe?

Answer 27

Stylistic analysis, looking at signatures - He chooses to use light gold colors, the images are flat, many emperors commissioned him to paint this kind of images, and the materials are similar

Question 28

Why did Rembrandt reproduce figures from Mughal paintings?

Answer 28

He needed new patronage from the wealthy men from the Dutch East Company, and he knows this would appeal to people who associate with India or have connections with India.

Question 29

What is the term used to describe Rembrandt’s use of light and dark contrasts in his Hundred Guilder Print?

Answer 29

Etching (intaglio process?)

Question 30

What are the differences between Chinese porcelain of the seventeenth century and blue-and-white ceramics made elsewhere in the world?

Answer 30

1) Actual Chinese porcelain is fired at a higher temperature

2) Chinese hard-based porcelain has really bright whites and blues, a consistency of paste that can withstand higher temperatures, other ceramics used a gray paste

Question 31

What is the art historical term used to describe the type of painting which Clara Peeters’s painting of cheeses, almonds, and pretzels is an example.

Answer 31

Still life

Question 32

What term was applied by the French Academy to Watteau’s paintings of the dalliances of leisured people in outdoor settings?

Answer 32

Fête Galante = “elegant party.”

Question 33

What did Bougainville connect to the art of Boucher?

Answer 33

Bougainville has a striking cultural encounter with a man playing the flute with his nose in Tahiti, and thinks its worthy of the art of Boucher because of the sensuality in his paintings

Question 34

In her Self-Portrait of 1790, Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun shows herself working on a portrait of whom?

Answer 34

Marie Antoinette

Question 35

In Angelica Kauffman’s Zeuxis Choosing His Models for His Painting of Helen of Troy, what is the woman at the right of the painting picking up with her left hand?

Answer 35

Picking up a brush, close to an empty canvas, a sly reference to herself (a female artist)

Question 36

On what was the form of the Lenape bandolier bag based?

Answer 36

Ammunition bags used by European soldiers, displaying intercultural contact.

Question 37

On what did Benjamin West base the face and facial tattoo of the Native American man in his Death of General Wolfe?

Answer 37

Based on a soapstone pipe, one of the many American objects in Benjamin west’s collection.

Question 38

Who commissioned Jacques-Louis David’s Oath of the Horatii?

Answer 38

Louis XVI, it was commissioned under royal patronage.

Question 39

How does David present Jean-Paul Marat in Death of Marat?

Answer 39

A martyr for the revolution. Killed for their religious belief, or kills someone

Question 40

How is an etching made?

Answer 40

A thick acid resistant wax is laid on a metallic slab before being carved out by a thin pointy tool. The slab is then placed in a vat of acid where it eats away at the newly exposed metal while leaving the wax covered parts of the slab intact. The wax is then wiped off, revealing the engraving by the acid