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NURSING 210 > TEST 3 > Flashcards

TEST 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Testing for Cushing’s Syndrome

A

-Dexamethasone overnight suppression test
-Serum cortisol level
-24 hour urine for cortisol

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2
Q

Diabetes Insipidus (DI) assessment findings

A

Polydipsia, polyuria, nocturia, dehydration, sunken eyes, tachy, hypotension, poor skin turgor, dry mucus membranes, weight loss, dizziness, constipation, weak pulses, decreased LOC

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3
Q

Diabetes Insipidus (DI) lab tests

A

-Urine (think dilute): urine specific gravity <1.005
-Blood(think concentrate): Na+ >145

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4
Q

Diabetes Insipidus (DI) diagnostic tests

A

-water deprivation test (induced dehydration, freq weights, VS, and withhold fluid for 8-12hrs) test is positive if kidneys can’t concentrate urine
-vasopressin test

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5
Q

Syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone (SIADH) signs and symptoms

A

Oliguria, dilutional hyponatremia

Early: HA, weakness, anorexia, muscle cramps, weight gain w/o edema, crackles and JVD

Later: personality changes, hostility, sluggish deep tendon reflexes, N/V/D and oliguria

Intake > Output

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6
Q

Syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone (SIADH) treatment

A

-eliminate underlying cause (if possible)
-restricting fluid intake
-demeclocycline, vasopressin agonists and furosemide

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7
Q

What is ethics ?

A

The study or examination of morality through a variety of different approaches.

How you respond to an ethical situation is a reflection of the core values, beliefs and character that make you the person you are.

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8
Q

Societal ethics

A

Society provides a normative basis for ethical behavior with laws and regulations.

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9
Q

Ethics examples

A

Bioethics, clinical ethics and research ethics

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10
Q

Organizational ethics

A

Formal and informal principles and values guide the behavior, decisions, and actions taken by members of an organization

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11
Q

Professional ethics

A

Ethical standards and expectations of a particular profession
-held to a higher standard because of privileged role in society
-code of conduct -ANA code of ethics for nurses

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12
Q

Personal ethics

A

Continuously intersect with other categories of ethics
-sources of ethics are not static and change over time

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13
Q

Normal calcium range

A

8.5-10.5mg/100mL

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14
Q

Normal potassium range

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

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15
Q

Normal sodium level

A

135-145 mEq/L

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16
Q

Normal creatinine level

A

0.6-1.2 mg/dL

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17
Q

Normal BUN level

A

7-18 mg/dL
8-20 mg/dL for adults over 60

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18
Q

Acute renal injury causes

A

Rapid loss of renal function due to damage to the kidneys

-widely accepted criteria for AKI is a 50% or greater increase in serum creatinine above baseline

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19
Q

AKI pathophys.

A

Pathophys is not always known however most times there is a specific underlying cause

-can be reversed if cause is diagnosed and treated promptly before kidney damage has been caused

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20
Q

Causes of AKI

A

Hypovolemia, hypotension, hypertension, reduced CO and HF, obstruction of renal veins or arteries, DM, chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis/other infections, obstruction of urinary tract, hereditary lesions, vascular disorders, meds or toxic agents, kidney disease causing injury, obstruction of the kidney or lower urinary tract

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21
Q

Hemodialysis

A

Most common method- uses a dialyzer (artificial kidney) to remove excess fluid and toxins

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22
Q

Peritoneal dialysis

A

Inside the body- uses a peritoneum to remove excess fluids and toxins

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23
Q

What are complications of hemodialysis

A

Hypotension, disequilibrium syndrome, hemorrhage, air embolus and electrolyte imbalances

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24
Q

Patient education for hemodialysis vascular access site

A

AVOID compression, blood draws, BP readings, tight clothing, carrying bags, and sleeping on that arm

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25
Complications of peritoneal dialysis
Because it’s done at home there is an increased risk of infection in the peritoneum— cloudy or bloody drainage, fever, abd pain and malaise
26
Patient education on peritoneal dialysis
Avoiding infection by good hand hygiene before and after dialysis, clean site of catheter daily and keep supplies in a clean, dry place
27
Treatment of Cushing’s
Hypophysectomy(removal of pituitary gland)and adrenalectomy(removal of one or both adrenal glands)
28
Addison’s treatment
Hydrocortisone IV, 5% dextrose in NS, vasopressors and antibiotics
29
Tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis and thickened right ventricular wall
30
Tetralogy of fallot assessment findings
Associated with maternal PKU, babies are blue and have a heart murmur
31
Coarctation of the aorta
Increased pressure in the upper extremities and decreased pressure in the lower extremities (femoral pulse weaker than brachial pulse)
32
BPH medications
Alpha adrenergic blockers (relaxes the smooth muscle in the bladder neck for easier urination), doxazosin, prozosin, tamsulosin, and terazosin
33
BPH symptoms
weak stream, increased time to void, incomplete emptying of bladder, post void dribbling, urinary freq, incontinence and nocturia
34
How can prostate cancer be diagnosed,
A biopsy is the only definitive test Transrectal, transurethral, transperineum
35
Prostate cancer risks
Age, African Americans, genetics, family history, lack of vegetables and alcohol
36
Hyperthyroidism s/s
Heat intolerance, hypertension, tachycardia, high temp, palpitations, thin hair, skinny, exothalmus (bulging eyes), hypermotile bowels(diarrhea)
37
Hypothyroidism s/s
Slow onset, goiter, fluid retention and edema, decreased appetite, weight gain, pallor, hoarseness, muscle stiffness, decreased taste, decreased smell, constipation, dry skin, dyspnea, menstrual disorders, anemias and heart enlargement
38
Health promotion and prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary)
Primary: prevention Secondary: screening Tertiary: treatment
39
BPH meds that decrease the size of the prostate
5 alpha reductase inhibitors- May decrease the need for surgery Finasteride Dutasteride
40
Pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing of the pulmonary artery
41
What education for hypothyroidism
You will be on synthroid for life
42
TSH And T3 and T4 in hypothyroidism
High TSH Low T3&T4
43
Levels of TSH AND T3/T4 in hyperthyroidism
Low TSH High T3&T4
44
Chronic kidney disease causes
AKI, older age, chronic kidney stones, HTN, DM, polycystic kidney disease
45
Normal GFR
60-120
46
Kidney disease GFR
15-60
47
Kidney failure GFR
0-15
48
Chronic kidney disease treatment
Dialysis
49
Trousseau sign
Carpopedal spasm of hand and wrist from BP cuff. Seen in those with hypocalcemia
50
Chvosktek sign
Facial twitching due to hypocalcemia
51
Addisons education
Diet high in protein and carbs,weigh yourself regularly, monitor blood pressure
52
Addisonian crisis
Life threatening: hypovolemia, shock, vascular collapse, hyponatremia, renal failure
53
TURP
Transurethral resection of the prostate used in the treatment of BPH (shaves off some because the prostate is too big)
54
How do you score the severity of prostate cancer
Gleason scale
55
Treatment for hyperthyroidism (meds)
PTU, beta blockers, iodine compounds, radioactive iodine therapy, thyroidectomy, Tylenol & D5W
56
Treatment for hypothyroidism
Check labs once a month until stable, and synthroid
57
CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy
ALOT SLOWER Allows gradual fluid and solute removal, clients unable to tolerate hemodialysis, blood continuously circulated for 12 hours
58
Ethical principles: autonomy
Respecting the rights of patients to make their own decisions
59
Ethical principles: nonmalificence
Do no harm
60
Ethical principles: beneficence
What benefits the patient
61
Ethical principles: justice
Give each his due and act fairly
62
Ethical principles: fidelity
Keeping your promise
63
Ethical principles: veracity
Accountability, confidentiality and truth telling
64
Ethical principles: paternalism
Assuming the right to make decisions for another

NURSING 210 (5 decks)

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