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NURSING 210 > TEST 3 > Flashcards

TEST 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Testing for Cushing’s Syndrome

A

-Dexamethasone overnight suppression test
-Serum cortisol level
-24 hour urine for cortisol

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2
Q

Diabetes Insipidus (DI) assessment findings

A

Polydipsia, polyuria, nocturia, dehydration, sunken eyes, tachy, hypotension, poor skin turgor, dry mucus membranes, weight loss, dizziness, constipation, weak pulses, decreased LOC

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3
Q

Diabetes Insipidus (DI) lab tests

A

-Urine (think dilute): urine specific gravity <1.005
-Blood(think concentrate): Na+ >145

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4
Q

Diabetes Insipidus (DI) diagnostic tests

A

-water deprivation test (induced dehydration, freq weights, VS, and withhold fluid for 8-12hrs) test is positive if kidneys can’t concentrate urine
-vasopressin test

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5
Q

Syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone (SIADH) signs and symptoms

A

Oliguria, dilutional hyponatremia

Early: HA, weakness, anorexia, muscle cramps, weight gain w/o edema, crackles and JVD

Later: personality changes, hostility, sluggish deep tendon reflexes, N/V/D and oliguria

Intake > Output

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6
Q

Syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone (SIADH) treatment

A

-eliminate underlying cause (if possible)
-restricting fluid intake
-demeclocycline, vasopressin agonists and furosemide

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7
Q

What is ethics ?

A

The study or examination of morality through a variety of different approaches.

How you respond to an ethical situation is a reflection of the core values, beliefs and character that make you the person you are.

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8
Q

Societal ethics

A

Society provides a normative basis for ethical behavior with laws and regulations.

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9
Q

Ethics examples

A

Bioethics, clinical ethics and research ethics

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10
Q

Organizational ethics

A

Formal and informal principles and values guide the behavior, decisions, and actions taken by members of an organization

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11
Q

Professional ethics

A

Ethical standards and expectations of a particular profession
-held to a higher standard because of privileged role in society
-code of conduct -ANA code of ethics for nurses

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12
Q

Personal ethics

A

Continuously intersect with other categories of ethics
-sources of ethics are not static and change over time

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13
Q

Normal calcium range

A

8.5-10.5mg/100mL

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14
Q

Normal potassium range

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

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15
Q

Normal sodium level

A

135-145 mEq/L

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16
Q

Normal creatinine level

A

0.6-1.2 mg/dL

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17
Q

Normal BUN level

A

7-18 mg/dL
8-20 mg/dL for adults over 60

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18
Q

Acute renal injury causes

A

Rapid loss of renal function due to damage to the kidneys

-widely accepted criteria for AKI is a 50% or greater increase in serum creatinine above baseline

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19
Q

AKI pathophys.

A

Pathophys is not always known however most times there is a specific underlying cause

-can be reversed if cause is diagnosed and treated promptly before kidney damage has been caused

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20
Q

Causes of AKI

A

Hypovolemia, hypotension, hypertension, reduced CO and HF, obstruction of renal veins or arteries, DM, chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis/other infections, obstruction of urinary tract, hereditary lesions, vascular disorders, meds or toxic agents, kidney disease causing injury, obstruction of the kidney or lower urinary tract

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21
Q

Hemodialysis

A

Most common method- uses a dialyzer (artificial kidney) to remove excess fluid and toxins

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22
Q

Peritoneal dialysis

A

Inside the body- uses a peritoneum to remove excess fluids and toxins

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23
Q

What are complications of hemodialysis

A

Hypotension, disequilibrium syndrome, hemorrhage, air embolus and electrolyte imbalances

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24
Q

Patient education for hemodialysis vascular access site

A

AVOID compression, blood draws, BP readings, tight clothing, carrying bags, and sleeping on that arm

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25
Q

Complications of peritoneal dialysis

A

Because it’s done at home there is an increased risk of infection in the peritoneum— cloudy or bloody drainage, fever, abd pain and malaise

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26
Q

Patient education on peritoneal dialysis

A

Avoiding infection by good hand hygiene before and after dialysis, clean site of catheter daily and keep supplies in a clean, dry place

27
Q

Treatment of Cushing’s

A

Hypophysectomy(removal of pituitary gland)and adrenalectomy(removal of one or both adrenal glands)

28
Q

Addison’s treatment

A

Hydrocortisone IV, 5% dextrose in NS, vasopressors and antibiotics

29
Q

Tetralogy of fallot

A

Ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis and thickened right ventricular wall

30
Q

Tetralogy of fallot assessment findings

A

Associated with maternal PKU, babies are blue and have a heart murmur

31
Q

Coarctation of the aorta

A

Increased pressure in the upper extremities and decreased pressure in the lower extremities (femoral pulse weaker than brachial pulse)

32
Q

BPH medications

A

Alpha adrenergic blockers (relaxes the smooth muscle in the bladder neck for easier urination), doxazosin, prozosin, tamsulosin, and terazosin

33
Q

BPH symptoms

A

weak stream, increased time to void, incomplete emptying of bladder, post void dribbling, urinary freq, incontinence and nocturia

34
Q

How can prostate cancer be diagnosed,

A

A biopsy is the only definitive test

Transrectal, transurethral, transperineum

35
Q

Prostate cancer risks

A

Age, African Americans, genetics, family history, lack of vegetables and alcohol

36
Q

Hyperthyroidism s/s

A

Heat intolerance, hypertension, tachycardia, high temp, palpitations, thin hair, skinny, exothalmus (bulging eyes), hypermotile bowels(diarrhea)

37
Q

Hypothyroidism s/s

A

Slow onset, goiter, fluid retention and edema, decreased appetite, weight gain, pallor, hoarseness, muscle stiffness, decreased taste, decreased smell, constipation, dry skin, dyspnea, menstrual disorders, anemias and heart enlargement

38
Q

Health promotion and prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary)

A

Primary: prevention
Secondary: screening
Tertiary: treatment

39
Q

BPH meds that decrease the size of the prostate

A

5 alpha reductase inhibitors- May decrease the need for surgery

Finasteride
Dutasteride

40
Q

Pulmonary stenosis

A

Narrowing of the pulmonary artery

41
Q

What education for hypothyroidism

A

You will be on synthroid for life

42
Q

TSH And T3 and T4 in hypothyroidism

A

High TSH
Low T3&T4

43
Q

Levels of TSH AND T3/T4 in hyperthyroidism

A

Low TSH
High T3&T4

44
Q

Chronic kidney disease causes

A

AKI, older age, chronic kidney stones, HTN, DM, polycystic kidney disease

45
Q

Normal GFR

A

60-120

46
Q

Kidney disease GFR

A

15-60

47
Q

Kidney failure GFR

A

0-15

48
Q

Chronic kidney disease treatment

A

Dialysis

49
Q

Trousseau sign

A

Carpopedal spasm of hand and wrist from BP cuff. Seen in those with hypocalcemia

50
Q

Chvosktek sign

A

Facial twitching due to hypocalcemia

51
Q

Addisons education

A

Diet high in protein and carbs,weigh yourself regularly, monitor blood pressure

52
Q

Addisonian crisis

A

Life threatening: hypovolemia, shock, vascular collapse, hyponatremia, renal failure

53
Q

TURP

A

Transurethral resection of the prostate used in the treatment of BPH (shaves off some because the prostate is too big)

54
Q

How do you score the severity of prostate cancer

A

Gleason scale

55
Q

Treatment for hyperthyroidism (meds)

A

PTU, beta blockers, iodine compounds, radioactive iodine therapy, thyroidectomy, Tylenol & D5W

56
Q

Treatment for hypothyroidism

A

Check labs once a month until stable, and synthroid

57
Q

CRRT
continuous renal replacement therapy

A

ALOT SLOWER

Allows gradual fluid and solute removal, clients unable to tolerate hemodialysis, blood continuously circulated for 12 hours

58
Q

Ethical principles: autonomy

A

Respecting the rights of patients to make their own decisions

59
Q

Ethical principles: nonmalificence

A

Do no harm

60
Q

Ethical principles: beneficence

A

What benefits the patient

61
Q

Ethical principles: justice

A

Give each his due and act fairly

62
Q

Ethical principles: fidelity

A

Keeping your promise

63
Q

Ethical principles: veracity

A

Accountability, confidentiality and truth telling

64
Q

Ethical principles: paternalism

A

Assuming the right to make decisions for another

NURSING 210 (5 decks)

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