Test 3

Question 1

5 sign and symptoms of alcohol poisoning

Answer 1

Confusion
Vomiting
Seizures
Slow breathing (less than eight breaths a minute)
Irregular breathing (a gap of more than 10 seconds between breaths)
Blue-tinged skin or pale skin
Low body temperature (hypothermia)
Passing out (unconsciousness) and can’t be awakened

Question 2

The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends____________________?

Answer 2

2 alcoholic drinks/d for men & 1 drink/d for women

Question 3

Is Alcohol a Nutrient?

Provides energy

Answer 3

7 kcal/g

Question 4

Oz of arch

Answer 4

12 oz beer
5 oz wine
1.5 oz hl

Question 5

No digestion required
Absorbed from mouth, esophagus, stomach,and small intestine
Absorption slowed by food
Eighty to ninety-five percent of alcohol is absorbed unchanged.

Answer 5

Alch. ingestion

Question 6

Why alch consumption changes from men to women

Answer 6

body size, fat, less enzyme activity in woman, more hormonal fluctuation in women

Question 7

Alch problems in GI tract

Answer 7

esophagitis and gastritis

Question 8

Alch problems in liver

Answer 8

Fatty liver
Fibrosis
Cirrhosis

Question 9

Cause/cure of hang over

Answer 9

Stay hydrated throughout the following day by drinking water whenever you feel thirsty. Drinking alcohol can cause dehydration, which may worsen certain hangover symptoms. Staying hydrated could reduce hangover symptoms such as thirst, fatigue, headache, and dizziness.

Question 10

An eating disorder marked by prolonged decrease of appetite and refusal to eat, leading to self-starvation and excessive weight loss. It results in part from a distorted body image and intense fear of becoming fat, often linked to social pressures.

Answer 10

anorexia nervosa

Question 11

An eating disorder marked by repeating episodes of binge eating and a feeling of loss of control. The diagnosis is based on a person’s having an average of at least two binge-eating episodes per week for 6 months. - compulsive overeating

Answer 11

binge eating disorder

Question 12

An eating disorder marked by consumption of large amounts of food at one time (binge eating) followed by a behavior such as self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives, or other practices to avoid weight gain.

Answer 12

bulimia nervosa

Question 13

Disordered eating
Amenorrhea
Premature Osteoporosis

Answer 13

female athlete triad

Question 14

Things to get rid and treat eating disorders

Answer 14

Promote self-esteem
Focus on size acceptance
Celebrate the diversity in all sizes and shapes
Discourage meal skipping
Encourage eating in response to hunger, not emotions

Question 15

Anorexia athletica frequently affects

Answer 15

dancers

Question 16

What is your personal definition of ‘normal eating’ and how does it differ from the
handout given with Project 2?

Answer 16

eat until you feel satisfied

Question 17

Nine essential amino acids

Answer 17

Body cannot make them

Must get them through diet

Question 18

Proteins are sequences of

Answer 18

amino acids

Question 19

Disrupts shape
Protein unfolds and loses its shape (denature).
Caused by acidic or alkalinity, high temperature, alcohol, oxidation, and agitation

Answer 19

denaturation

Question 20

Collagen
Most abundant
Gives skin and bone their elastic strength
Keratin
Primary constituent of hair and nails
Motor proteins
Turn energy into mechanical work

Answer 20

Structural and mechanical functions

Question 21

Antibodies
Blood proteins that attack and inactivate bacteria and viruses
Part of the body’s immune response

Answer 21

Immune functions

Question 22

Catalyze, or speed up, chemical reactions

Every cell contains thousands of types of enzymes.

Answer 22

Enzymes

Question 23

Regulate body processes

Answer 23

Hormones

Question 24

Proteins help maintain stable pH levels by acting as buffers.
Acidosis or alkalosis occur when proteins are unable to fulfill buffer function.

Answer 24

Acid base balence

Question 25

Proteins act as: Channels and pumps, allowing substances to flow through membranes Carriers, transporting important substances in the blood stream

Answer 25

transport functions

Question 26

Fluids found inside and outside cells Inside cells: intracellular fluid Outside cells: extracellular Two types: Intercellular fluid or interstitial fluid (between cells) Intravascular fluid (in the blood) Blood proteins maintain appropriate fluid levels in vascular system. Edema results when diet lacks enough protein to maintain normal levels of blood proteins. Edema: Swelling caused by buildup of fluid between cells

Answer 26

Fluids balence

Question 27

Carbohydrates and fat are protein-sparing. Body prefers burning them for energy. Will resort to burning protein for energy if necessary Body readies protein for use as energy through deamination. Removal of amino group from an amino acid

Answer 27

Source of energy and glucose

Question 28

In the stomach Proteins are denatured by hydrochloric acid. Pepsin begins digestion. In the small intestine Proteases and intestinal lining cells break down large peptides into smaller peptides.

Answer 28

Protein digestion

Question 29

Pass out of the body in feces Diseases of the intestinal tract cause problems with digestion by decreasing absorption efficiency. Celiac disease

Answer 29

Undigested protein

Question 30

AA assembled in specific sequence Draws on AA pool as needed Dispensable AA missing Cell will make that AA or obtain it from the liver. Draws on AA pool as needed Indispensable AA missing Body may break its own protein down to supply the missing AA. Indispensable AA unavailable Protein synthesis halts and partially completed protein used elsewhere in the body

Answer 30

Protein synthesis

Question 31

``` The AA pool Available AA Protein synthesis; produce energy and glucose Protein turnover Constant recycling of protein ```

Answer 31

Amino Acid Pool and Protein Turnover

Question 32

Recommended Intakes of Protein

Answer 32

Adult RDA = 0.8 gram per kilogram of body weight

Question 33

Severe physical stress can increase body’s need for proteins.

Answer 33

Infections, burns, fevers, surgery increase protein losses. | Diet must replace lost protein.

Question 34

Supply all indispensable amino acids | Animal proteins; soy proteins

Answer 34

complete proteins

Question 35

Low in one or more indispensable amino acids | Most plant proteins

Answer 35

Incomplete and Complementary Proteins

Question 36

Two incomplete proteins can equal a complete protein. One makes up for the other’s lack of specific essential amino acids. Combination then provides sufficient amounts of all essential amino acids.

Answer 36

Complementary proteins

Question 37

Edema and other signs Between ages of 18 and 24 months Associated with extreme poverty

Answer 37

Kwashiorkor

Question 38

Chronic PEM Infants and 6- to 18-month-old children Adults with cancer or starvation

Answer 38

Marasmus

Question 39

Health Effects of Excess Dietary Protein

Answer 39

Kidney function Increases kidney filtration rate, straining function Mineral losses Link between high-protein diet and osteoporosis Obesity Correlation with body fat Heart disease Increased saturated fat and cholesterol intake Cancer Increased risk for certain types of cancer

Question 40

happens when your carbohydrate intake is low. As your body breaks down fat, it produces an acid called ketones or ketone bodies, which becomes your body and brain's main source of energy. Because ketosis shifts your metabolism and relies on fat for energy, your body can burn fat at a higher rate.

Answer 40

ketosis

Question 41

Health Benefits of Vegetarian Diets

Answer 41

Less fat, saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol intake More antioxidants More fiber and phytochemicals Reduces risk for heart disease, obesity, hypertension, and cancer

Question 42

alth Risks of Vegetarian Diets

Answer 42

Vegan diets may be low in some nutrients. Calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin D, vitamin B12, and omega-3 fatty acids More restrictive food choices = more likely it is to cause nutritional problems Careful planning needed for growth and overall health

Question 43

Prompts eating

Answer 43

hunger

Question 44

Signals to stop eating

Answer 44

Satiation

Question 45

Tells when you are ready to eat again

Answer 45

Satiety

Question 46

Psychological desire to eat | Influenced by the eating environment

Answer 46

Appetite

Question 47

Resting energy expenditure

Answer 47

1. 0 kcal/kg/hr for males | 0. 9 kcal/kg/hr for females

Question 48

Estimated as a percentage of REE based on a person’s general activity level (see Table SM.5)

Answer 48

physical activity

Question 49

whole-body mammal metabolism during a time period of strict and steady resting conditions that are defined by a combination of assumptions of physiological homeostasis and biological equilibrium.

Answer 49

RMR

Question 50

Accuracy of ‘estimated energy expenditure?

Answer 50

37-39?

Question 51

Physical activity Estimated as a percentage of REE based on a person’s general activity level (see Table SM.5) Thermic effect of food 6 to 10 percent of (REE + physical activity)

Answer 51

Yes

Question 52

the energy expended for everything we do that is not sleeping, eating or sports-like exercise.

Answer 52

NEAT

Question 53

``` Body mass index (BMI) Weight (kg) × height2 (m) BMI ≤ 18.5 kg/m2 = underweight BMI 18.5 to ≥ 25 kg/m2 = normal weight BMI 25 to ≤ 30kg/m2 = overweight BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 = obese ```

Answer 53

BMI