Chapter 4 Flashcards
Single sugar molecules. They are not broken down further during digestion.
Monosaccharides
Common monosaccharides
Glucose, fructose and galactose.
the most abundant simple carb unit in nature
glucose/dextros
Common monosaccharide that is present in the blood. Contains 6 carbon atoms: C6H12O6.
glucose
Product of starch breakdown (2 glucose)
Maltose
table sugar aka (glucose/fryctose)
sucrose
Milk sugar, found in milk of most mammals (glucose.galactose)
lactose
A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of long chains of glucose molecules in a straight (amylose) or branching (amylopectin) arrangement.
found in grains, legumes, and tuber
Starch
non-digestible carbs and lignins
fiber
fiber found in plants
dietary fiber
Isolated and added to foods
functional fiber
Sum of dietary fiber and functional fiber
total fiber
dietary fiber found in all plants, especially fruits
pectins
gel-forming fibers that help hold plant cells together, monosaccrides
Gums and mucilages
indigestible substances that make up woody parts of veggies and seeds of fruits
lingin
polysaccharides of branched glucose units
beta-glucian
Jump-start your day. For breakfast choose a high-fiber breakfast cereal — 5 or more grams of fiber a serving. …
Switch to whole grains. …
Bulk up baked goods. …
Lean on legumes. …
Eat more fruit and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables are rich in fiber, as well as vitamins and minerals. …
Make snacks count.
increase fiber
converts the monosaccharides fructose and galactose to glusoce
liver
digested by enzymes from the mouth, pancreas, and small intestine and absorbed as monosaccharides
carbs
rise after eating and fall between meals. Two pancreatic hormones, insuli and glucagon, regulate blood glucosee levels, preventing extremely high or low levels
blood glucoses levels
main function of carbs is to
supply energy
carbs mainly found in food as
starch, fiber, sugar
Full-fat dairy. Whole milk, butter and full-fat yogurt and cheese are high in saturated fat. ... Red meat. ... Processed meat. ... Fried foods. ... Baked goods and sweets. ... Eggs. ... Shellfish. ... Lean meat.
foods with high cho
which organs require glucose ex
mouth, stomach, large and small int.
Ketosis is a metabolic state in which your blood has a high concentration of ketones, namely beta-Hydroxybutyrate ( 1 ). It occurs when your body starts using fat as its main fuel source due to limited access to glucose, or blood sugar, typically caused by starvation, fasting, or following a very low carb diet ( 1 ).
ketosis
a condition in which your blood sugar (glucose) level is lower than norma
hypoglecima
the technical term for high blood glucose (blood sugar). High blood sugar happens when the body has too little insulin or when the body can’t use insulin properly.
Hyperglycemia
