Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Single sugar molecules. They are not broken down further during digestion.

A

Monosaccharides

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2
Q

Common monosaccharides

A

Glucose, fructose and galactose.

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3
Q

the most abundant simple carb unit in nature

A

glucose/dextros

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4
Q

Common monosaccharide that is present in the blood. Contains 6 carbon atoms: C6H12O6.

A

glucose

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5
Q

Product of starch breakdown (2 glucose)

A

Maltose

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6
Q

table sugar aka (glucose/fryctose)

A

sucrose

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7
Q

Milk sugar, found in milk of most mammals (glucose.galactose)

A

lactose

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8
Q

A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of long chains of glucose molecules in a straight (amylose) or branching (amylopectin) arrangement.

found in grains, legumes, and tuber

A

Starch

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9
Q

non-digestible carbs and lignins

A

fiber

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10
Q

fiber found in plants

A

dietary fiber

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11
Q

Isolated and added to foods

A

functional fiber

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12
Q

Sum of dietary fiber and functional fiber

A

total fiber

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13
Q

dietary fiber found in all plants, especially fruits

A

pectins

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14
Q

gel-forming fibers that help hold plant cells together, monosaccrides

A

Gums and mucilages

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15
Q

indigestible substances that make up woody parts of veggies and seeds of fruits

A

lingin

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16
Q

polysaccharides of branched glucose units

A

beta-glucian

17
Q

Jump-start your day. For breakfast choose a high-fiber breakfast cereal — 5 or more grams of fiber a serving. …
Switch to whole grains. …
Bulk up baked goods. …
Lean on legumes. …
Eat more fruit and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables are rich in fiber, as well as vitamins and minerals. …
Make snacks count.

A

increase fiber

18
Q

converts the monosaccharides fructose and galactose to glusoce

19
Q

digested by enzymes from the mouth, pancreas, and small intestine and absorbed as monosaccharides

20
Q

rise after eating and fall between meals. Two pancreatic hormones, insuli and glucagon, regulate blood glucosee levels, preventing extremely high or low levels

A

blood glucoses levels

21
Q

main function of carbs is to

A

supply energy

22
Q

carbs mainly found in food as

A

starch, fiber, sugar

23
Q
Full-fat dairy. Whole milk, butter and full-fat yogurt and cheese are high in saturated fat. ...
Red meat. ...
Processed meat. ...
Fried foods. ...
Baked goods and sweets. ...
Eggs. ...
Shellfish. ...
Lean meat.
A

foods with high cho

24
Q

which organs require glucose ex

A

mouth, stomach, large and small int.

25
Ketosis is a metabolic state in which your blood has a high concentration of ketones, namely beta-Hydroxybutyrate ( 1 ). It occurs when your body starts using fat as its main fuel source due to limited access to glucose, or blood sugar, typically caused by starvation, fasting, or following a very low carb diet ( 1 ).
ketosis
26
a condition in which your blood sugar (glucose) level is lower than norma
hypoglecima
27
the technical term for high blood glucose (blood sugar). High blood sugar happens when the body has too little insulin or when the body can't use insulin properly.
Hyperglycemia