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TT 404 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a web

A

soft, flexible, porous material that lacks strength and durability

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2
Q

why was chemical bonding so popular when it started?

A

because we had used chemicals on other things before

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3
Q

what was the problem with resigns and glues?

A

makes it very stiff

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4
Q

what is the best way to use resign?

A

only use a little at the crossover points to leave pore spaces open

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5
Q

what does chemical bonding struggling with?

A

balancing stiffness but still being strong

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6
Q

In chemical bonding the fabric can only be as strong as what

A

the binder

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7
Q

what can binders do over time?

A

discolor fabrics as they get older

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8
Q

cross linkables need what

A

a linking agent

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9
Q

process of using binders?

A

we apply binder then remove water or solvent with heating

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10
Q

what is in an aqueous solution?

A

monomers, catalyst, and an initiative to get the process started which will come together to make a polymer

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11
Q

what are most chemical binders made from?

A

water-bone latex so its easier to remove the liquid

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12
Q

what percent is the binder applied on?

A

5-60%

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13
Q

if we are only using chemical bonding what do we need?

A

higher levels of chemicals

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14
Q

how does saturation bonding work?

A

submerge fabric in solution, nip rollers will squeeze out excess,

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15
Q

do we get more absorption with padding or saturation?

A

padding

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16
Q

what is print bonding used for?

A

put a pattern

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17
Q

what does foam bonding work well with

A

thick fabrics

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18
Q

what is power bonding

A

disperse on fabric and then goes through. oven to bond together

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19
Q

what is a drum dryer

A

heat fabric over drum and pull through with a vacuum

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20
Q

what is a floation dryer

A

on conveyor belt and blows hot air

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21
Q

what is the downfall to the infrared oven

A

not the best choice because it gets so hot that if we have to stop equpiment we will lose everything under it

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22
Q

what is the infrared oven best used for

A

to preheat fabrics

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23
Q

advantages of chemical bonding with medical textiles (4)

A

wet and dry strength, soft, not irritating, absorpent

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24
Q

advanatges of chemcial bondinf wirh interlingin (3)

A

can adjust TG, good hand strength

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25
Q

advantages of chemical bonding with roofing (2)

A

long term weather ability, hot strength

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26
Q

advantages of chemical bodning with filters (3)

A

pleat ability, solvent resistance, flame retardant

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27
Q

advanategs of chemicla bonding with furnitaure (3)

A

color, outdoor durability, compression recovery

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28
Q

how does thermal bonding work?

A

fibers are bonded by heat, than we cool and wind on a roll

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29
Q

what products are best for thermal bonding?

A

thick high loft webs

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30
Q

why do we not want fabrics to melt in thermal bonding?

A

if they melt they will stick to the roll, we want them to soften enouhg to get the chain motion

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31
Q

how do fibers stick together in thermal bonding?

A

we et flow at fiber to fiber crossover points then soft enough to stick together

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32
Q

where do we bond with thermal bonding

A

at crossover points

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33
Q

how do we get chains entangled?

A

we heat them up enough for them to get tangled to the point of being unable to get untangled

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34
Q

how many chain entanglements do we need for the fabric to be bonded?

A

2

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35
Q

what are the fiber requirements for thermal bonding

A

need a thermoplastic fiber or some sort of blend with a thermoplatic finfer

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36
Q

what are the 3 binders for thermal bonding

A

fibers, powders, webs

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37
Q

what are the 4 types of thermal bonding

A

calendering, thru air, ultrasonic, infrared

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38
Q

what is confuction and which type of thermal bonding uses it

A

heated by 2 objects touching

calendering

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39
Q

what is convection and what type of thermal bonding uses it?

A

air is heated

thru air bonding

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40
Q

what is radiation and what type of thermal bonding uses it?

A

light carries heat

ultrasonic

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41
Q

what si work and what type of thermal bonding uses it?

A

rubbing 2 things together

ultrasonic

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42
Q

what is calendering bonding

A

heated fabric will pass through hot rolls

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43
Q

how are mechanical propoerties determined by calender bonding

A 
bond pattern
what is pattern of rolls
how big is bond area
distance between bonds
perfect of fabric bonded
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44
Q

more crossover points =

A

more bonding and stiffer

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45
Q

how is cooling normally done for calendering bonding

A

with room temperature air at high speeds

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46
Q

what is area bonding

A

every crossover point in bonded

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47
Q

what is point bonding

A

heat applied in a specific location

48
Q

what percent is normallyu bonded through point bonding

A

10-40%

49
Q

how many rolls will normally be embossed if any are?

A

1

50
Q

what does putting a pattern on your fabric affect (4)

A

bond to bond distance
percent of fabric bonded
strength
stiffness

51
Q

why do we need to worry about the temperature of the rolls in calender bonding

A

dont want them to be too hot and melt

52
Q

what are the 3 things we need to worry about with calender bonding

A

temp of rolls
nip line pressure
how long fabric is between rolls

53
Q

what do we need to worry about with nip pressure in calender bonding

A

we need good pressure to allow bonding

54
Q

if we decrease pressure in the nip rolls then what needs to happen

A

increase heat

55
Q

how does thru air bonding work

A

cool fabric goes around perpetrated cylinder with hot air blowing on it and then traveled through air to cool

56
Q

how is air blown from thru air

A

blown from outside in or inside in

57
Q

what are the pros of thru air (2)

A

maintain loft, flexible frabic

58
Q

what kind of bonding is thru air

A

point bonding

59
Q

how does ultrasonic bonidng work

A

will vibrate and rub up agaisnt each other to genreate heat

60
Q

where does vibration happen with ultrasonic

A

the horn

61
Q

what is the problem with radiation bonding

A

temp is too high, if machine breaks down we lost all fabric in it

62
Q

what is radiation bonding used for

A

preheat fabric.

63
Q

what processes can thermal bonding be used on

A

all web laying processses

64
Q

is calender or thermal bonding cheaper

A

thermal

65
Q

how does needlepunching work

A

interlocking fibers with abrbed needles, with a lot of compression while icnreaseing fiber to fiber frcigtion

66
Q

can we control how mnay times a needle is punches in the same space

A

no

67
Q

difference between single reduced needle and doubke reduced neefle

A

single reduced will have one taper, double reduced needle wll we used for a fine fiber

68
Q

what is the crank

A

hooks in the board, keeps needle in the board

69
Q

what is the shank

A

still in the board and helo with stability

70
Q

what is the tape

A

makes less of needle going inot the web. no big holes

71
Q

what is the point

A

very tip of needle, designed for minimal needle damange and fiber damange

72
Q

what is the kick up

A

how far barb sticks out

73
Q

high kick up and good barb depth do what

A

hold more fibers

74
Q

what are the good things about open barb

A

not a lot of damange, fabric permeability

75
Q

conventionally throated barb

A

agressive when new, used for fibers with high cf, will wear quickly

76
Q

good thinfs about high life barb (3)

A

less fiber damange, better hand, dont wear as fast

77
Q

good things about radius flow barb (4)

A

more expensive, strong fabric, good surface quality, better entangled

78
Q

more barbs are what

A

harsher

79
Q

small barb spacing =

A

higher needle effiency but rougher fabric

80
Q

what needles are used for gentle needling

A

compact and dense barb needles

81
Q

what is crown needling

A

1 barb

82
Q

needles with short working part =

A

poor surface quality

83
Q

what is vario barb

A

increase kick up size w needle, first barb is the smallest, reduces force

84
Q

what is a diamond shape needle

A

barb on 2 sides, shares force, less expensive, less tension on needled

85
Q

what is a crossbar

A

barb on all sides, more force

86
Q

why would we add coating to a needle

A

to increase needle life

87
Q

which type of patter needle is most common

A

fork needling

88
Q

what does a pattern needle do

A

forms loops on surface of the fabric

89
Q

what was hydroentanglinf inspired by and why

A

needlepunching but wanted to not have as rough of a surface

90
Q

what is spun lacing

A

staple fiber web that has been hydroentagling

91
Q

how does hydroentangling work

A

on converyor belt then passed through water jet then pressed down

92
Q

what do the water jets casue

A

the fibers to wrap around each other

93
Q

why is hydroentanling goof

A

feels more like a fabric and smooter

94
Q

what does the manifold do

A

hokd the water and create pressurizied water

95
Q

why do we need a fitler for hydroentangling

A

so we can have high quality water that doesnt wear out our jet strip

96
Q

how many nozzles per inch are on the jet strip

A

40-50

97
Q

what does hydroentangling cause

A

jet streaks

98
Q

how is the pattern caused for hydroentagling

A

the negative image of the belt

99
Q

what kind of fibers do you want to use for hydroentagling

A

flexible fibers that are long enough, fine fibers

100
Q

what weight of fabric works best

A

lightweight 20-300 g/m

101
Q

if a nonwoven worn how is it bonded

A

hydroentagnling

102
Q

3 main factors that contribute to hydroentangling

A

water pressure, enegry transfer, and web support system

103
Q

why is energy transfer important in hydroentanlgin

A

need water jet to go to fabric so they woll engtang ebut too muhc energy will create holes

104
Q

why is web support consided in hydroentangling

A

because belt image will go on fabric and that can affect the properoties

105
Q

what is the nozzle made up of

A

oepn section called capillary and combed section

106
Q

small hole on top =

A

cone down nozzle

107
Q

large hole on top=

A

cone uo nozzle

108
Q

why is breakup length important

A

we want the stream to stay pencil like as long as possible

109
Q

which cone down or up has longer breakup length

A

cone down

110
Q

why do cone up and down behave differently

A

when water comes around corner if it reattches to the wall itll cause frcigion betwen the water and the wall and you wont get a steady stream

111
Q

what does non constricted mean

A

water is attched to the wall

112
Q

what does constricgted mean

A

water foesnt attach to the wall and theres air between it

113
Q

what si the discharge coefficient

A

measure of jet siamter, what comes out of nozzle

114
Q

which owrks better cone fown or up

A

cone down

115
Q

what are cone up nozzles good for

A

prewweeting

116
Q

needlepunching can be done on a carded web as long as its been

A

crosslapped

TT 404 (6 decks)

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