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TT 404 > TEST 1 > Flashcards

TEST 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is pulp fiber?

A

short, fine, cellulose fibers

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2
Q

why are pulp fibers used?

A

they are inexpensive and have absorption properties

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3
Q

what is a composite?

A

2 different materials

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4
Q

what is a coform?

A

a fiber that goes through 2 functionally similar processes

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5
Q

why are nonwovens important in the medical field?

A

due to their barrier properties, they provide good protection while being lightweight

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6
Q

2 ways nonwovens are used in the composite industry

A

idk

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7
Q

why are nonwovens useful in roads and highways

A

to transport mositure, be a strong support, abrasion resistance, and resist cracking

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8
Q

what is the main challenge for the use of nonwovens in window treatments?

A

nonuniformity

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9
Q

why is polypropylene the most used fiber in nonwovens?

A

because it has a low density, you get more for the same amount of material

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10
Q

why are meltblown splittable being widely used in filters?

A

because we need different shapes and sizes to allow the filter to stop the particles. it gives the properties of 2 in 1.

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11
Q

5 desirable properties for hygiene applications

A 
lightweight
absorbent 
soft
comfortable 
flexible
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12
Q

5 desirable properties for crop covers

A 
lightweight
air permeable 
water permeable 
uv resistance 
resistance to bugs and insects
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13
Q

3 reasons why nonwovens haven’t suffered as much as other industrys

A

capital requirements
low labor requirements
technology patents

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14
Q

how to make a low density abrasive pad

A

low density web needs adhesive with abrasive particles which can be sprayed or dipped, then we will use heat to cure and assist in particle web stability

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15
Q

5 properties used in nonwovens analysis

A 
fiber orientation 
bond to bond distance 
mass nonuniformity 
number of crossovers 
pore size and shape
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16
Q

2 most important properties of nonwovens analysis

A

fiber orientation and mass nonuniformity

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17
Q

what is the break-up length

A

in hydroentangling, the water is no longer in a pencil like stream

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18
Q

3 main factors in hydroentangling and why are each important

A

water pressure, strong enough to entangle the fibers
energy transfer, make sure the fibers get entangled but don’t make big holes
and web support system bc the belt will make a negative image and it will affect the fiber properties

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19
Q

6 parts of the double reduced needle

A 
crank 
superior rod 
taper
intermediate rod
active rod 
point
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20
Q

conduction

A

by touching something hot, calendar bonding

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21
Q

convection

A

heat transferred through air, thru air bonding

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22
Q

radiation

A

heat transferred by light, infrared

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23
Q

work

A

by rubbing 2 things together; ultrasonic

24
Q

is cone up or cone down better to use under normal pressure

A

cone down because it maintains a steady stream longer

25
Q

T/F: for spunbonding the main difference in in-house systems was the type of spinneret used

A

F

26
Q

T/F: the melt blowing process makes continuous filaments with very fine deniers

A

F

27
Q

T/F: Shrinking of nonwovens relieves stresses and removes distortions, but it also reduces dimensional stability

A

F

28
Q

T/F: polymers used in melt blowing should have a melt flow index lower than those used in spun bonding

A

F

29
Q

T/F: in collecting a spun bonded web on a drum it is necessary to slightly pre bond the web

A

T

30
Q

T/F: in melt blown webs shots can occur either from heating the polymer too much or not heating it enough

A

T

31
Q

T/F: splitting of nonwovens is used to cut wide farbics into smaller widths

A

F

32
Q

T/F: for melt blowing if you wish to have finer fibers you should increase the specific output rate so that the polymer moves through the system faster

A

F

33
Q

T/F: for spun bonding if you wish to have high basis weight and high speeds you must have multiple spin beams

A

T

34
Q

T/F: creping of nonwovens will give increased basis weights

A

T

35
Q

T/F: spun bond webs with random variations result from using multiple beams

A

F

36
Q

T/F: in melt bloowing increasing the air gap will cause the fibers to cool more quickyl

A

F

37
Q

T/F: two ways to keep particples inside of a web is to attach the particle to the fiber using adhesives or second use particles that are small than the fiber diameter

A

F

38
Q

T/F: layered composites bonded by needle punching will have a fuzzy interface

A

T

39
Q

T/F: mouting the spinneretter block in spunbonding requires the use of many small screws to that polymer flow is not impeded

A

F

40
Q

T/F: extrusion coating marries a nonwoven with a film

A

T

41
Q

meltblown vs spunbonded volume of air

A

meltblown: large Spunbonded:small

42
Q

meltblown vs spunbonded temp of ari

A

meltblown: high temp spunbonded: room temp air

43
Q

meltblown vs spunbonded where is drawing force applied

A

meltblown: die tip spunbond: attenuator

44
Q

3 components of melt blown die assembly

A

polymer feed distribution, dye nosepiece, and air manifolds

45
Q

how is medical blue made?

A

card web with tissue paper hydroentangled into the card web with a polyurethane coating/finishing

46
Q

what fabric is now replacing medical blue and why

A

sms becasue it maintains all the absorption and barrier properties while also being breathebale

47
Q

6 machine processing variables in melt blowing

A 
polymer/die temp
air temp
die to collector distance
collector speed
polymer throughput 
air throughput
48
Q

how to make a 3D needlepunched fabric with pockets of particles

A

lay down an air lay web, lay down particles, then lay down another layer of fabric and selectively needle punch to connect the certain parts of the web

49
Q

3 reasons why nonwovens make good depth filters?

A

many layers of different constructions
different chemsitries in each layer
- differnet pore sizes

50
Q

how do nonwoven cards differ from tradiational cards(9)

A 
webs instead of sliver
do not nees sliver elemtns 
randomizer rolls 
wider
shorter
faster
more expensive 
makes higher loft webs 
extra safety measues
51
Q

fiber factors that influence needling (4)

A

type of fiber
physical properties
geometric properties
surface and friction

52
Q

fiber web factors that influence needling (5)

A 
basis weight
thickness
closeness
orientation of fibers 
opening of fibers
53
Q

off line lamination sms (2)

A

spunbonded and melt blown are produced separately and calendered to form SMS fabrics
OR
spunbond fabrics are fed to the calender of the melt blown line

54
Q

in line lamination sms

A

spunbond and melt blown webs are produced on the same forming belt, spun bond is forming omn the forming belt first and that is followed by melt blown which is then followed by another spunbond, this is then fed to the calender for bonding

55
Q

multilayer structure for vacuum cleaner bag

A

Wet laid special filter
melt blown
carbon. (odor absorption layer)
fleece

TT 404 (6 decks)

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