TEST 3 Flashcards
Which of the following can cause a phenotypic change in an organism?
ALL OF THESE
Too few chromosomes.
Changes in part of a chromosome.
Too many chromosomes and too few chromosomes.
Too many chromosomes.
Why are many polyploids sterile?
Extra sets of chromosomes segregate irregularly in meiosis leading to aneuploidic gametes.
Which of the following disorders is not caused by a trisomy in human beings?
Turner’s syndrome
Down, Patau’s, Edwards - caused by trisomy
Polyploids created from a hybridization between diff species are known as:
Allopolyploids
Although most frequent forms of Down syndrome are caused by a random error, nondisjunction of chromosome 21, Down syndrome occasionally runs in families. The cause of this form of familial down syndrome is
a translocation between chromosome 21 and another chromosome
What is the specific term that describes the loss of a single chromosome (2n-1)?
Monosomy
The chromosomal aberration that cases cri-du-chat syndrome can be referred to as a
segmental deletion
When mapping genes in bacteria, which of the following is true about the interrupted mating technique?
Genes are transferred from the donor to recipient in a linear fashion based upon time of contact.
Bacteria that are in a particular physiological state to become transformed are called
component
Bacteriophages engage in 2 interactive cycles with bacteria. What are these cycles?
Lytic and lysogenic
When a bacteriophage genome incorporates itself into the chromosome of the host, that phage genome is referred to as a
prophage
Whose experiments provided direct evidence indicating that DNA, rather than RNA or protein, is the genetic material in bacteriophages?
Hershey and Chase
Which of the following is true regarding the structure of DNA?
Double stranded molecule and composed of nucleotides
The central dogma specifies that the information in
DNA is copies into an RNA molecule during transcription, and the info in that RNA molecule is used to make a protein during translation
The classic Hershey and Chase (1952) experiment that offered evidence in support of DNA being the genetic material in the bacteriophages made use of which of the following labeled components?
Phosphorus and sulfur
The figure below shows a representative dinucleotide. The figure represents _____ and the arrow is closest to the _____ end.
DNA; 3’
The basic structure of a nucleotide includes
base, sugar, phosphate
What kind of daa on DNA structure was gathered by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins?
X-ray diffraction pattern data
DNA extracted from a cheek cell contains 16% cytosine. What percentage content of adenine would you find?
34
What is meant by the description “antiparallel” regarding the strands that make up DNA?
The 5’ to 3’ direction of one strand runs counter to the 3’ to 5’ direction of the other strand.
Explain the technique of electrophoretic separation of DNA fragments
A mixture of different sized DNA molecules are subjected to an electric field, and migrate through a semisolid matrix such that smaller fragments travel further in the matrix.
What is the function of topoisomerase during the DNA replication process?
Relieving twisting tension in the DNA ahead of the replication fork.
Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the synthesis of DNA during replication?
DNA polymerase
Meselson and Stahl are best known for demonstrating that:
DNA replication occurs in a semi-conservative manner in E.coli
The functions associated with telomeres are to:
facilitate replication of chromosomes without the loss of the chromosome’s arms tips
When one DNA molecule is copied to make 2 DNA molecules, the new DNA contains
50% of the parent
What is the basis for the difference in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA molecules are synthesized during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase can join new nucleotides only to the 3’ end of a growing strand.
DNA replication occurs by adding
dNTPs to the 3’ end of the daughter strand
The RNA molecule produced in RNA synthesis is:
complementary to the template DNA
Which process transfers info from DNA to RNA?
transcription
How many codons specify the different amino acids?
61
Why is the reading fram of an mRNA important?
It is the series of nucleotide triplets that are read during translation.
If the reading frame is incorrect, the amino acid sequence will not be correct.
Which of the following enzymes catalyzes DNA synthesis?
DNA polymerase
