test 3/1/24

Question 1

Pope Leo III crowning Charlemagne meant what for both of them? Why is it so significant for the two of them?

Answer 1

Both the Pope and Charlemagne gained power, and the ideal of a united Christendom was established. The pope got the power to crown and uncrown kings, and Charlemagne got the authority of being an emperor.

Question 2

What was the main reason that Constantinople was a good location for the capital of the Byzantine Empire?

Answer 2

It was located at a crossroads for trade between Asia and Europe.

Question 3

How was “the manor” at the heart of the feudal economy? Describe what makes the manor so important to the lives of everyday people?

Answer 3

The manor was a self-sufficient community that could grow its own food and attend to its religious needs. No one ever needed to leave the manor. All their needs could be met there.

Question 4

What is the code of chivalry and how was it used by knights?

Answer 4

The code of chivalry was a code of conduct all knights followed; it required knights to be brave, loyal, and true to their word. It required them to protect the weak; this included the poor (peasants), women, children, the clergy, and the elderly. (Ex. Rescue a peasant family from a fire.)

Question 5

What was a tournament and what was its purpose? Who would attend them?

Answer 5

Tournaments were formal events that provided entertainment for the nobility. It allowed
knights to have mock reproductions to simulate warfare and combat fighting.

Question 6

What was interdict? Who used it, against whom was it used, and why? What did it do to for a town, district, or even country?

Answer 6

Interdict was a tool that the pope could use on kings who did not obey their commands. It could extend over a whole town, diocese, district, or country. It was a suspension of religion in public exercise, including even the rites of marriage and burial on all people (innocent and guilty).

Question 7

Who was St Francis of Assisi and what did he love most in the world?

Answer 7

A wealthy Italian who gave up his comfortable life and followed God and preaching the
Gospels and doing good deeds. His love of nature is what he is best known for.

Question 8

The conflict between Christians and Muslims during the Third Crusade in Spain was very influential. What was this conflict known as and what was the ultimate results of the conflict?

Answer 8

The conflict became known as the Reconquista during the third Crusade. The result was Christians retaking Spain, two powerful monarchs married and unified Spain, and in the unification process, Isabella forced out all non-Christians. Many of the Muslims and Jews forced out were highly skilled or educated people who had helped Spain’s economy.

Question 9

What was a positive economic outcome of the Crusades?

Answer 9

It moved Europe from bartering toward a money-based economy.

Question 10

Why was the city of Constantinople so important? When the crusaders saw the city, what was their impression? How did the city compare with other medieval cities in Western Europe?

Answer 10

Cities in Europe were less wealthy and grand than Constantinople. The crusaders were amazed by its wealth. It was at the crossroads between Europe and Asia, so all the trade that went through the city made it a wealthy and grand place.

Question 11

What was the Domesday Book and why was it important? What did it enable the king to do?

Answer 11

The Domesday Book was a census (account) of every castle, field, land, and pigpen in England and all the people who lived there. It was important because it was a list of everything important in England. It would help the king and future monarchs maintain a well-organized system of taxation.

Question 12

King Henry II is said to have shouted about Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, inadvertently leading to Becket’s murder. Why did Henry call Becket a “meddlesome priest”?

Answer 12

Becket disagreed with Henry’s effort to extend royal power over the Church.

Question 13

What do you think the scholastic Thomas Aquinas meant when he said the following?

“Nothing which implies contradiction falls under the omnipotence of God.”—Summa Theologica

Answer 13

God’s universe is orderly and predictable. God has not created anything that is contradictory.

Question 14

The education of an average child during the Middle Ages centered on basic religious knowledge. What does this imply about the values of medieval society?

Answer 14

Religion was at the core of Medieval society.

Question 15

What is a “vernacular language” and what is the significance of the emergence of vernacular languages in medieval Europe?

Answer 15

Vernacular languages are the everyday language of the people. With works written in vernacular languages (like French and English) it suggested a new interest in ordinary people and the stories that entertained and educated them.

Question 16

What was the impact on Europe of the Black Death in terms of population, production, and the economy?

Answer 16

One-third of the population of Europe died, production declined, and the cost of labor soared

Question 17

The technology in the late middle ages revolutionized warfare and was used to masterful affect when?

Answer 17

During the Hundred years war.

Question 18

What are the three major geographical regions of Russia? You will need to identify them on a map, or at least know which is in the north, center, and south of Russia.

Answer 18

-North, Forests
-Center, Farmland
-South, Steppe

Question 19

Why was Moscow called the “third Rome”?

Answer 19

Moscow was at the center of expanding political power.

Question 20

What pull factors attracted European Jews to Eastern Europe during the late Middle Ages?

Answer 20

Jews were attracted to Eastern Europe because they could practice Judaism there without persecution

Question 21

Explain how conflict between King John and his nobles eventually led to the creation of England’s Parliament.

Answer 21

King John put out a set of oppressive taxes and would abuse his power, so a group of nobles rebelled against him, cornered him, and forced him to sign the Magna Carta, a document that limited royal power. Kings would later look to their great council, a group of nobles and lords, to approve important decisions that would affect the kingdom. This great council would evolve into parliament.

Question 22

What are at least three pieces of evidence to support the conclusion that monks and nuns served a vital role during the Middle Ages.

Answer 22

“ Monk and Nuns Looked after the poor and the sick and set up schools for children.” Monks and Nuns developed agricultural methods. They preserved the writings from the ancient world, and kept learning alive.

Question 23

Describe how Mongol rule in the 1200s and 1300s impacted Russian culture and history.

Answer 23

Mongols were Muslims, but they let the population practice the Russian Orthodox faith. The Mongols cut off the Russians from the rest of Western Europe. Mongols were absolute rulers. Later, Russian rulers would follow the way Mongol’s ruled. Ending in 1917 with the Russian revolution.

Question 24

Name and describe three facets of modern business that have their origins in trade practices during the Middle Ages

Answer 24

With the stock system, many people would invest their money together. Insurance money offsets the cost should problems arise with goods. credit and banking systems.

Question 25

Explain the significance of the term “Dark Ages” and why that term is seldom used today.

Answer 25

The term “Dark Ages” usually describes the middle ages because many consider this time to be a time where there was no new advancement or knowledge that came from Europe. We now know that there was quite a bit of learning that came during this time. Such as improved legal structures, monasteries were teaching people and preserved ancient texts, and Universities were established. Common languages came from the middle ages. Also, the gothic style was created. There were advancements in math, literature, science, and medicine.