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comm 1101 > test 2 vocab > Flashcards

test 2 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

instrumental

A

use of language to obtain what you need or desire

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2
Q

regulatory

A

use of language to control or regulate the behaviors of others

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3
Q

informative

A

use of language to communicate information or report facts

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4
Q

heuristic

A

use of language to acquire knowledge and understanding

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5
Q

interactional

A

use of language to establish and define social relationships

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6
Q

personal language

A

use of language to express individuality and personality

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7
Q

imaginative

A

use of language to express oneself artistically or creatively

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8
Q

grammar

A

structural rules that govern the generation of meaning in a language

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9
Q

phonology

A

the study of the sounds that compose individual languages and how those sounds communicate meaning

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10
Q

syntax

A

the rules that govern word order

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11
Q

semantics

A

the study of meaning

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12
Q

denotative meaning

A

dictionary definition of a word

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13
Q

connotative meaning

A

the affective or interpretive meanings attached to a word

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14
Q

pragmatics

A

field of study that emphasizes how language is used in specific situations to accomplish goals

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15
Q

speech act theory

A

branch of pragmatics that suggests that when people communicate they do not just say things, they also do things with their words

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16
Q

dialect

A

a variation of language distinguised by its vocabulary grammar and pronunciation

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17
Q

lexical choice

A

vocabulary

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18
Q

cohort effect

A

the influence of shared characteristics of a group that was born and reared in the same general period

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19
Q

aave

A

version of english that has its roots in west african caribbean and US slave languages

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20
Q

code swtiching

A

the practice of changing lanugage or dialect to accomodate to the communication of a situation

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21
Q

jargon

A

the specalized terms that develop in many professions

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22
Q

nominalists

A

those who argue that any idea can be expressed in any language and that the structure and vocabulary of the language do not influence the speakers perception of the world

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23
Q

relativists

A

those who argue that language serves not only as a way for us to voice our ideas but is itself the shaper of ideas, the guide for the individuals mental activity

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24
Q

sapir-whorf hypothesis

A

idea that the language people speak determines the way they see the world

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25
Q

cocultural theory

A

explores the role of power in daily interactions

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26
Q

androcentrism

A

the use of male experience as normative for humanity and female experience as emphasizing gender difference

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27
Q

hate speech

A

use of verbal communication to attack others based upon some social category

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28
Q

disconfirming communication

A

comments that reject or invalidate a positive or negative self-image of our conversational partners

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29
Q

confirming communication

A

comments that validate positive self images of others

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30
Q

nonverbal behavior

A

all the nonverbal actions people perform

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31
Q

nonverbal communication

A

the sending and receiving of information through appearance objects the environment and behavior

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32
Q

nonverbal codes

A

distinct organized means of expression that consists of symbols and rules for their use

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33
Q

kinesics

A

nonverbal communication sent by the body, including gestures posture movement facial expressions and eye behavior

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34
Q

gestures

A

nonverbal communication made with part of the body including actions like pointing waving or holding up a hand to direct peoples attention

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35
Q

illustrators

A

signals that accompany speech to clarify or emphasize the verbal message

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36
Q

emblems

A

gestures that stand for a specific verbal meaning

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37
Q

adaptors

A

gestures used to manage emotions

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38
Q

regulators

A

gestures to control conversation

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39
Q

posture and movement

A

kinesics behaviors that communicate messages by how immediate or relaxed they are

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40
Q

immediacy

A

how close or involved people appear to be with each other

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41
Q

paralinguistics

A

all aspects of spoken lanugage except for the words themselves includes rate volume pitch and stress

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42
Q

voice qualities

A

qualities such as pitch rythym vocal range and articulation that make up the music of the human voice

43
Q

vocalizations

A

uttered sounds that do not have the sturucture of language

44
Q

chronemics

A

the study of the way peple use time as a message

45
Q

proxemics

A

the study of how people use spatial cues including interpersonal distance territoriality and other space relationships to communicate

46
Q

monochronically

A

engaging in one task or behavior at a time

47
Q

polychronically

A

engaging in multiple activities simultaneously

48
Q

intimate distance

A

zero to 18 inches, interacting with people who we are close with

49
Q

personal distance 18in-4ft

A

the space used when interacting with friends and acquantences

50
Q

social distance

A

4-12 ft the distance were at with unfamiliar others

51
Q

public distance

A

12-25 feet the distance used for public ceremonies such as lectures and performances

52
Q

haptics

A

the study of the communicative function of touch

53
Q

professional touch

A

type of touch used by certain workers such as dentists hairstylists and hospice workers as part of their livelihood also known as functional touch

54
Q

social polite touch

A

touch thats part of daily interaction in the US, more intimate than professional touch but is still impersonal

55
Q

friendship touch

A

touch that is more intimate than social polite touch and usually conveys warmth closeness and caring

56
Q

love-intimate touch

A

the touch most often used with one’s romantic partners and family

57
Q

demand touching

A

type of touch used to establish dominance and power

58
Q

artifacts

A

physical objects including cars clothing and other material items

59
Q

communicating information

A

using nonverbal behavoirs to help clarify verbal messages and reveal attitudes and motivation

60
Q

regulating interaction

A

using nonverbal behaviors to help manage conversational interaction

61
Q

expressing and managing intimacy

A

using nonverbal behaviors to help convey attraction and closeness

62
Q

establishing social control

A

using nonverbal communication to exercise influence over people

63
Q

service-task functions

A

using nonverbal behavior to signal close involvement between people in impersonal relationships and contexts

64
Q

congruent

A

verbal and nonverbal messages that express the same meaning

65
Q

contradicting

A

verbal and nonverbal messages that send conflicting messages

66
Q

listening

A

the process of receiving constructing meaning from and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages

67
Q

hearing

A

the stage when listeners pick up the sound waves directed toward them

68
Q

understanding

A

interpreting the message associated with sounds or what the sounds mean

69
Q

evaluting

A

assessing your reaction to a message

70
Q

responding

A

showing others how you regard their message

71
Q

listening style

A

a set of attitudes beliefs and predispositions about how where when who and what the information receiving and encoding process

72
Q

action oriented listening style

A

listening style that reflects a preference for error free and well organized speaking

73
Q

informational listening

A

listening skills that are useful in situations requiring attention to content

74
Q

content oriented listening style

A

a listening style that reflects an interest in detailed and complex information simply for the content itself

75
Q

critical listening

A

listening skills that are useful in a wide variety of situations-particularly those involving persuasive speaking

76
Q

people-oriented listening style

A

a listening style that is associate with friendly open communication and interest in establishing ties with others

77
Q

supportive listening

A

listening skills focused not only on understanding information but also listening to others feelings

78
Q

time-oriented listening style

A

a listening style that prefers breif concise speech

79
Q

soundscape

A

the everyday sounds in our environments

80
Q

diaspora

A

the movement migration or scattering of a people away from an established or ancestral homeland

81
Q

peacebuilding

A

working toward stability in a region to prevent conflicts from escalating into war

82
Q

intercultural communication

A

communication that occurs in interactions between people who are culturally different

83
Q

culture

A

learned patterns of perceptions values and behaviors shared by a group of people

84
Q

heterogeneous

A

diverse

85
Q

border dwellers

A

people who live between cultures and often experience contradictory cultural patters

86
Q

culture shock

A

a feeling of disorientation and discomfort as a result of the lack of familiar environmental cues

87
Q

reverse culture shock/re-entry shock

A

culture shock experienced by travelers on returning to their home country

88
Q

cultural values

A

beliefs that are so central to a cultural group that they are never questioned

89
Q

individualistic orientation

A

a value orientation that respects the autonomy and independence of individuals

90
Q

collectivistic orientation

A

a value orientation that stresses the needs of the group

91
Q

preferred personality

A

a value orientation that expresses whether it is more important for a person to do or to be

92
Q

view of human nature

A

a value orientation that expresses whether humans are fundamentaly good evil or a mixture

93
Q

human nature value orientation

A

the perceived relationship between humans and nature

94
Q

human nature value orientation

A

the perceived relationship between humans and nature

95
Q

power distance

A

value orientation that refers to the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a culture expect and accept an unequal distribution of power

96
Q

long term vs. short term orientation

A

the dimension of a society’s value orientation that reflects its attitude toward virtue or truth

97
Q

long term orientation

A

a value orientation in which people stress the importance of virtue

98
Q

indulgence versus restraint orientation

A

a value orientation that reflects a subjective feeling of happiness. The indulgence orientation emphasizes relatively free gratification of basic and natural human drives related to enjoying life and having fun. Restraint emphasizes suppressing gratification of needs and regulates it by means of strict social norms

99
Q

dialectical approach

A

recognizes that things need not be perceived as either or but may be seen as both/and

100
Q

dichotomous thinking

A

thinking in which things are perceived as either or for example good or bad, big or small, right or wrong

101
Q

cocultural group

A

a significant minority group within a dominant majority that does not share dominant group values or communications patterns

102
Q

ethnocentrism

A

the tendency to view ones own group as the standard against which all other groups are judged

103
Q

encapuslated marginal people

A

people who feel disintegrated by having to shift cultures

104
Q

constructive marginal people

A

people who thrive in a border dweller life while recognizing its tremendous challenges

comm 1101 (2 decks)

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