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comm 1101 > Test 1 vocab > Flashcards

Test 1 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

human communication

A

A transaction process in which people generate meaning through the exchange of verbal and non-verbal messages in specific contexts influenced by individual and societal forces and embedded in culture

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2
Q

messages

A

the building blocks of communication

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3
Q

encoding

A

converting ideas into messages

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4
Q

decoding

A

receiving a message and interpreting its meaning

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5
Q

symbol

A

something that represents something else and conveys meaning

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6
Q

content meaning

A

the concrete meaning of the message and the meanings suggested by or associated with the message as well as the emotions triggered by it

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7
Q

relationship meaning

A

what a message conveys about the relationship between the parties

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8
Q

setting

A

physical surroundings of a communication event

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9
Q

participants

A

the people interacting during communication

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10
Q

channel

A

the means through which a message is transmitted

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11
Q

noise

A

any stimulus that can interfere with or degrade the quality of a message

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12
Q

feedback

A

the response to a message

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13
Q

linear model

A

sender encoded message-sent to receiver who decoded it then the process reversed

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14
Q

synergetic model

A

transactional model of communication emphasizes how individual and societal forces contexts and culture interact to affect the communication process

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15
Q

field of experience

A

the education and experiences that a communicator possesses

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16
Q

culture

A

learned patterns of perceptions values and behaviors shared by a group of people

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17
Q

transactional model

A

the idea that meaning is created as people communicate

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18
Q

communication ethics

A

the standards of right and wrong that one applies to messages that are sent and received

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19
Q

truthfulness

A

expect messages to be truthful; messages have consequences

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20
Q

sharing or withholding information

A

what can be private and what can be secret

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21
Q

benefit and harm of messages

A

whats the benefit and whats the harm of a message to an intended audience

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22
Q

absolutism

A

the belief that there is a single correct moral standard that holds for everyone everywhere every time

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23
Q

relativism

A

the belief that moral behavior varies among individuals groups and cultures across situations

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24
Q

communication competence

A

the ability to adapt ones communication to achieve ones goals

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25
Q

appropriateness

A

following the rules norms and expectations for specific situations or relationships

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26
Q

efectiveness

A

achieving one’s goals successfully

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27
Q

paradigm

A

belief system that represents a particular worldview

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28
Q

theory

A

a set of statements that explains a particular phenomenon

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29
Q

methods

A

the specific ways that scholars collect and analyze data, which they then use to support prove or disprove their theoretical claims

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30
Q

social science approach

A

contemporary term for the behaviorist approach

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31
Q

behaviorism

A

the focus on the study of behavior as a science

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32
Q

hypothesis

A

a supposition or proposed explanation

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33
Q

naturalistic

A

relating to everyday real life situations such as a classroom cafe or shopping mall

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34
Q

quantitative methods

A

methods that convert data to numerical indicators which are then analyzed using statistics to establish relationships among the concepts

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35
Q

socia penetration theory

A

theory that proposes relationships develop through increases in self disclosure

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36
Q

demand withdrawal

A

interaction pattern in which one partner criticizes or tries to change the other partner who responds by becoming defensive and then disengaging either psychologically or physically

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37
Q

interpretive approach

A

contemporary term for humanist (rhetorical study)

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38
Q

rhetoric

A

communication that is used to influence the attitudes or behaviors of others

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39
Q

humanism

A

a system of thought that celebrates human nature and its potential

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40
Q

qualitative methods

A

methods in which researchers study naturally occurring communication rather than assembling data and converting it to numbers

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41
Q

content analysis

A

approach to understanding communication that focuses on specific aspects of the content of a text or group of texts

42
Q

defensive communication

A

behavior that occurs when an individual perceives threat or anticipates threat from another individual

43
Q

ethnographic

A

relating to studies in which researchers actively engage with participants

44
Q

cultural communication

A

communication patterns within a specific community

45
Q

rhetorical analysis

A

used by researchers to examine texts or public speeches as they occur in society with the aim of interpreting extual meaning

46
Q

member-checking

A

obtaining feedback from respondents to help improve the accuracy of research results

47
Q

critical approach

A

an approach used not only to understand human behavior but to ultimately to change society also

48
Q

textual analysis

A

similar to rhetorical analysis used to analyze cultural products such as media and public speeches

49
Q

Identity

A

who a person is; composed of individual and social categories a person identifies with as well as the categories that others identify with that person

50
Q

reflected appraisals

A

the idea that peoples self images arise primarily from the ways that others view them and from the many messages they have received from others about who they are

51
Q

looking glass self

A

the idea that self image results from the images others reflect back to an individual

52
Q

particular others

A

important people in an individuals life whose opinions and behavior influence the various aspects of identity

53
Q

generalized other

A

the collection of roles rules norms beliefs and attitudes endorsed by the community in which a person lives

54
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

when an individual expects something to occur the expectation increases the likelihood that it will as the expectation influences behavior

55
Q

stereotype threat

A

process in which reminding individuals of stereotypic expectations regarding important identities can impact their performance

56
Q

self concept

A

the understanding of ones unique characteristics as well as the similarities to and differences from others

57
Q

self esteem

A

part of ones self concept arises out of how one perceives and interprets reflected appraisals and social comparisons

58
Q

self respect

A

treating others and expecting to be treated with respect and dignity

59
Q

performance of identity

A

the process or means by which we show the world who we think we are

60
Q

self presentation

A

influencing others impressions by creating an image that is consistent with ones personal identity

61
Q

enacting identities

A

performing scripts deemed proper for particular identities

62
Q

role expectations

A

the expectation that one will perform in a particular way because of the social role occupied

63
Q

racial identity

A

identification with a particular racial group

64
Q

multiracial identity

A

self identifies as having more than one racial identity

65
Q

national identity

A

persons citizenship

66
Q

ethnic identity

A

identification with a particular group with which one shares some or all: national or tribal affiliation, religious beliefs, language, and or cultural and traditional origins and background

67
Q

gender identity

A

how and to what extent one identifies with the social construction of masculinity and femininity

68
Q

cisgender

A

someone whose gender identity matches their biological sex

69
Q

sexual identity

A

which of the various categories of sexual identity one identifies with

70
Q

gender fluid

A

someone whose gender identity is not fixed but is dynamic and changes in different contexts and different times

71
Q

age identity

A

a combo of self perception of age along with what others understand that age to mean

72
Q

social class identity

A

an informal ranking of people in a culture based on income occupation education dwelling child rearing habits and other factors

73
Q

disability identity

A

identification with physical or mental impairment that substantially impact every day life

74
Q

religious identity

A

aspect of identity defined by ones spiritual beliefs

75
Q

perception

A

a sense making procedure in which we attempt to understand our environment so we can respond to it appropriately

76
Q

selection

A

the process of choosing which sensory information to focus on

77
Q

organization

A

the process by which one recognizes what sensory input represents

78
Q

interpretation

A

the act of assigning meaning to sensory information

79
Q

selective attention

A

consciously or unconsciously attending to just a narrow range of the full array of sensory information available

80
Q

primacy effect

A

the tendency to form a judgment or opinion based on the first information received

81
Q

recency effect

A

the tendency to form a judgment or opinion on the most recent information received

82
Q

cognitive representation

A

the ability to form mental models of the world

83
Q

schemas

A

cognitive structures that help us organize information

84
Q

prototype

A

a representative or idealized version of a concept

85
Q

script

A

relatively fixed sequence of events that functions as a guide or template for communication or behavior

86
Q

categorization

A

cognitive process used to organize information by placing it into large groupings of information

87
Q

label

A

name assigned to a category based on ones perception of the category

88
Q

stereotyping

A

creating schemas that overgeneralize attributes of a specific group

89
Q

frame

A

assumptions and attitudes that we use to filter perceptions to create meaning

90
Q

attribution theory

A

explanation of the processes we use to judge our own and others behavior

91
Q

attributional bias

A

cognitive bias that refers to the systematic errors made when people evaluate or try to find reasons for their own and others behaviors

92
Q

self serving bias

A

tendency to give ones self more credit than is due when good things happen and to accept too little responsibility for those things that go wrong

93
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

the tendency to attribute others negative behavior to internal causes and their positive behaviors to external causes

94
Q

overattribution

A

selecting an individuals most obvious characteristic and using it to explain almost anything that person does

95
Q

constructs

A

categories people develop to help them organize information

96
Q

cognitive complexity

A

the degree to which a persons constructs are detailed involved or numerous

97
Q

ethnocentrism

A

the tendency to view ones own group as the standard against which all other groups are judged

98
Q

prejudice

A

experiencing aversive or negative feelings toward a group as a whole or toward an individual because she or he belongs to a group

99
Q

ego defensive function

A

the role prejudice plays in protecting individuals sense of self worth

100
Q

value expressive function

A

the role played by prejudice in allowing people to view their own values norms and cultural practices as appropriate and correct

101
Q

cohort effect

A

process by which historical events influence the perceptions of people who grew up in a given generation and time period

102
Q

social role

A

specific position or positions one holds in a society

comm 1101 (2 decks)

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