Test 2 Terms Flashcards
Phonetics
the study of speech sounds
Acoustics Phonetics
focuses on the physical properties of speech sounds
Auditory Phonetics
Focuses on how listeners perceive sounds of language
Articulatory Phonetics
Focuses on how vocal tracts produce the sounds
Orthography
Spelling
The Phonetic Alphabet
Uses symbols to explain pronunciation of words
International Phonetic Alphabet
Invented in order to have a system in which there was a one-to-one correspondence between each sound in language and each phonetic symbol
- once known, one can pronounce any world in any language
Glottis
opening between vocal cords
Larynx
Voice Box
Pharynx
Tubular part of the throat above the larynx
Oral Cavity
Mouth
Nasal Cavity
Nose and the passages connecting it to the throat and sinuses
Vocal Tract
Section all the way from above the larynx to the top of the nasal cavity
Consonants
Sounds produced with some restriction or closure in the vocal tract
Place of Articulation
part on where in the vocal tract the airflow is being restricted
Bilabials
Produced by bringing both lips together
- [p] [b] [m]
Labiodentals
Produced by touching the bottom lip to the upper teeth
- [f] [v]
Interdental
Produced by putting the tip of the tongue between the teeth
- [θ] [ð]
Alveolars
Produces by raising the tongue to the alveolar ridge in some way
-[t] [d] [n] (produced by tip of tongue touching the alveolar ridge or just in front of it)
-[s] [z] (produces with sides of the front of the tongue raised but the tip lowered to allow air to escape)
- [l] (tip of the tongue raised while the rest of the tongue remains down so air can escape over sides)
-[ɹ] (air escapes through central part of mouth, either tip of tongue curled behind the alveolar or the top of the tongue is bunched up behind the alveolar ridge)
Alveolar Ridge
thick boney crests that exists in the upper and lower portions of the jawbone
Palatals
Produced by raising the front part of the tongue to the palate
- [tʃ] [dʒ] [ʃ] [ʒ]
Velars
Produced by raising the back of the tongue to the soft palate or velum
- [k] [g] [ŋ]
Velum
the rood of the oral cavity and separates the nasal and oral cavities from one another
Uvulars
Produced by raising the back of the tongue to the uvula
-[R] [q] [G]
-Not English sounds i don’t think
Uvular Trill
A type of consonantal sound created when placing the back of the tongue against the uvular and move air to cause the uvula to vibrate on its own
Glottals
Produced by restricting the airflow throgh the open glottis
- [h]
Glottal Stop
Produces by stopping air completely at the glottis
- [ʔ]
Manner of articulation
the way the airstream is affect as it flows from the lungs and out of the mouth and nose
Voiced Sounds
Produced when the vocal cords are together and vibrate as air passes through
Tone Languages
Languages that use pitch to contrast the meaning of words
Register Tone
Language when the majority of syllables maintain the same level or register
Contour Tone
language when one shifts from one pitch to another over the course of the syllable or word
Pitch contour
The sequence of directions of pitch changes from note to note
Intonation Languages
languages that use varies pitch contour across an utterance but pitch isn’t used to distinguish words
Tense Vowels
- are produced with greater tension in the tongue
- may occur at the end of words
i (beat)
e (bait)
u (boot)
o (boat)
a (hah)
aI (high)
aʊ (how)
Lax Vowels
- are produced with less tongue tension
- may not occur at the end of words
I (bit)
ɛ (bet)
ʊ (put)
ɔ (bore)
ɔI (boy)
æ (hat)
ʌ (hut)
ə (about)
