Test 2 Review : General Flashcards by Roman Lewis

50000 act as spies or physically fight for the British, more than that moved to Canada during the revolution.

Loyalist

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George Washington; John Adams; Thomas Jefferson; Alex Hamilton

Dream Team

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Hamilton places 25 cent tax on whiskey, George Washington leads army of 13,000; Pennsylvania decides to pay first direct tax of America

Whiskey Rebellion

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30000 soldiers of fortune; German; Washington defeats them while drunk at Trenton and Princeton

Hessians

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Argued by Hamilton; established necessary and proper; America needed a federal reserve.

National Bank

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General Howe posted in NY with largest contingency of soldiers; Battle of Brooklyn: Howe vs. Washington; Americans get wrecked 3 times in a row; Cocky Howe lets them retreat.

Occupational of New York

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Congress can do anything “necessary and proper”; elastic clause

Necessary & Proper Clause

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Thomas Paine: “These are the times that try men’s souls”; bolster morale during revolution

American Crisis

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Made our own currency based on nothing to fund the Revolution; IOUs

Currency for Revolution

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France sides w/ America, will fight England until peace is met; England forced to spread forces; Howe Replaced by Clinton

Britain vs. France

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GW holds off Howe in Philly; American troops wreck shop and Quebec and Montreal armies; England offers everything short of independence

Saratoga

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GW retreats here after losses in Pennsylvania; lowest point in the revolution

Valley Forge

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“Pointless/Powerless”- Hamilton; Brits promise to evacuate troops from Northwest

Jay Treaty

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British move war south in search of loyalist aid “Southern Gentry”; slighted by patriots

Southern Campaign

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1795; Pinckney’s Treaty - 31st parallel is Southern border to Spanish empire; Spain will control Indians and allow navigation of Mississippi.

Treaty with Spain

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Adams sends new diplos to france to improve relations; France only send x y z, wanted 12 mil and an apology.

XYZ Affair

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President can deport aliens by himself even during peace time; President can imprison you for saying mean stuff about him

Alien & Sedition Act

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States can declare alien and sedition acts null and void (which violated rights); makes republicans look like good guys

Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

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Corn Wallace retreats to this peninsula to restock from Navy; English are cornered and pounded by Americans and allies; surrenders

Yorktown

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Jefferson wins against Adams; 1st president inaugurated in D.C.

Election of 1800

John Jay, Franklin, Adams; American Independence; Lots of land; U.S. can fish in Canada; Removal of Brit troops and Navy; Miss. River; Britain gives Florida to Spanish; U.S. pays debts to Brit merchants; Restoration of Loyalist property

Treaty of Paris

Adams tries to fill court systems with federalists; Intro of Marshall; # of Justices cut from 6 to 5

Midnight Appointees

1777 (Ratified 1781); Amendment required all states; Few federal powers, lacking power to tax; POSITIVE: all public land belonged to federal govt.

Articles of Confederation

1786; uprising of debt ridden farmers led by Daniel; broke up share of sales on property w/ tar and feather threats

Shay’s Rebellion

separate ballots for separate parties; no longer will second runner up be vice president

12th Amendment

Virginia; We need to separate church and state (notion failed)

Jefferson Religious Freedom

1803; Judicial review - court can limit congressional power by declaring laws unconstitutional

Marbury vs. Madison

From Canada to New Orleans; was momentarily closed by Spain

Mississippi River

Offered to U.S. by Napoleon for $15 million; doubled size of U.S.

Louisiana Purchase

James Madison; Large States; representation based on size

Virginia Plan

William Patterson; Small States; representation equal regardless of population.

New Jersey Plan

1787; Connecticut; Roger & Oliver; What we have today.

Great Compromise

Impressment of sailors; Britain blockades Europe, and France blockades Britain from America;

American Shipping

blacks are 3/5; 20 more years of tax free slave trade

Northern & Southern Disagreement

British Leopard fires on American Chesapeake in U.S. waters; Jefferson starts embargo in 1808 which hurts America a lot.

Leopard & Chesapeake

People's House; very diverse; all taxes start here.

House of Representatives

Young congressmen ready to war with England; Henry Clay & John C. Calhoun

Warhawks

poor people; preferred state sovereignty; demanded bill of rights; fear of standing army

Antifederalist

England is: impressing sailors, blocking ports, violating rights, inciting natives; Only victory for America is on the Great Lakes by the Navy

War of 1812

newspapers to simplify constitution to end assumptions; emphasized checks and balances

Federalist Papers

Britain burned down white house and TJ's work; ran out by uneventful tornado

Invasion of Washington

must be ratified by 9/13 states; Small states came first (except RI); eventually all 13 join

Constitution

Last to sign Constitution

Rhode Island

Americans slaughter Britain's best soldiers...after war has ended

Battle of New Orleans

Declaration of war and embargo require 2/3 vote congress; Each president can only serve one term, can't be from same state; repeals 3/5 clause.

Hartford Convention

Ends war 1812; returns pre-war status quo; troops will eventually be removed from America

Treaty of Ghent

10th- powers not given to federal govt belong to states; 5,6,8 are crime related

Bill of Rights

improved trade w/ England; great migration west; manufacturing; isolation; death of federalists party

Consequences of War of 1812