Test #2 Review

Question 1

Deviance

Answer 1

An action or behavior that violates social norms

Question 2

in group

Answer 2

a social group to which a person psychologically identifies as being a member

Question 3

Primary group

Answer 3

a small social group (small-scale society) whose members share close, personal, enduring relationships

Question 4

master status

Answer 4

the social position that is the primary identifying characteristic of an individual

Question 5

Ethnomethodology

Answer 5

a perspective within sociology which focuses on the way people make sense of their everyday world. People are seen as rational actors, but employ practical reasoning rather than formal logic to make sense of and function in society.

Question 6

group think

Answer 6

desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome

Question 7

secondary group

Answer 7

large groupswhose relationships are impersonal and goal oriented

Question 8

conformity

Answer 8

a change in behavior or belief toward a group standard as a result of the group’s influence on an individual

Question 9

Status

Answer 9

describes the position a person occupies in a particular setting

Question 10

labeling theory

Answer 10

being labeled as a “deviant” leads a person to engage in deviant behavior

Question 11

Role

Answer 11

the behaviour expected of an individual who occupies a given social position or status

Question 12

Internal social control

Answer 12

Internal means of control, such as an individual’s own sense of right and wrong, decrease the likelihood that one will deviate from social norms

Question 13

What is frontstage? Who’s theory is this?

Answer 13

Goffman - The actor is “on stage” and must play his role.

Question 14

Ascribed status

Answer 14

The social status a person is assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life

Question 15

something with a C lol

Answer 15

lolol

Question 16

dimensions of mcdonaldization - who

Answer 16

Ritzer. One of the fundamental aspects of McDonaldization is that almost any task can (and should) be rationalized. The process of McDonaldization takes a task and breaks it down into smaller tasks. This is repeated until all tasks have been broken down to the smallest possible level. The resulting tasks are then rationalized to find the single most efficient method for completing each task. All other methods are then deemed inefficient and discarded.

Question 17

Achieved status (and who)

Answer 17

Ralph Linton. A social position that a person can acquire on the basis of merit; it is a position that is earned or chosen

Question 18

role conflict

Answer 18

A situation in which a person is expected to play two incompatible roles. For example, a boss will suffer role conflict if forced to fire an employee who is also a close friend

Question 19

social interaction

Answer 19

a dynamic sequence of social actions between individuals (or groups) who modify their actions and reactions due to actions by theirinteraction partner(s)

Question 20

Dramaturgical analysis (and who)

Answer 20

Goffman. Front stage/Back stage concept. Life is a stage.

Question 21

authoritarian leaders

Answer 21

Leadership that focuses on instrumental concerns, takes personal charge of decision-making, and demands strict compliance from subordinates

Question 22

Rationality

Answer 22

the replacement of traditions, values, and emotions as motivators for behavior in society with rational, calculated ones

Question 23

What is impression management

Answer 23

People attempt to influence the perceptions of other people about a person, object or even

Question 24

expressive leadership

Answer 24

Group leadership that emphasizes collective well-being

Question 25

Role expectation

Answer 25

the socially determined behaviors expected of a person performing a role

Question 26

Status symbols

Answer 26

in a commercial society, having money or wealth and things that can be bought by wealth, such as cars, houses, or fine clothing, are considered status symbols. In a society that values honor or bravery, a battle scar would be more of a status symbol. Among intellectuals being able to think in an intelligent and educated way is an important status symbol regardless of material possessions

Question 27

retreatism

Answer 27

rejecting both the goals and the means. For example, one might just drop out of society, giving up on everything

Question 28

stigma

Answer 28

Goffman. an attribute, behavior, or reputation which is socially discrediting in a particular way

Question 29

Out group

Answer 29

a social group with which an individual does not identify

Question 30

What is backstage? Who’s theory is this?

Answer 30

Erving Goffman - similar to backstage in theatre. Actor can relax, be himself.