Test #2 Review Flashcards
Deviance
An action or behavior that violates social norms
in group
a social group to which a person psychologically identifies as being a member
Primary group
a small social group (small-scale society) whose members share close, personal, enduring relationships
master status
the social position that is the primary identifying characteristic of an individual
Ethnomethodology
a perspective within sociology which focuses on the way people make sense of their everyday world. People are seen as rational actors, but employ practical reasoning rather than formal logic to make sense of and function in society.
group think
desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome
secondary group
large groupswhose relationships are impersonal and goal oriented
conformity
a change in behavior or belief toward a group standard as a result of the group’s influence on an individual
Status
describes the position a person occupies in a particular setting
labeling theory
being labeled as a “deviant” leads a person to engage in deviant behavior
Role
the behaviour expected of an individual who occupies a given social position or status
Internal social control
Internal means of control, such as an individual’s own sense of right and wrong, decrease the likelihood that one will deviate from social norms
What is frontstage? Who’s theory is this?
Goffman - The actor is “on stage” and must play his role.
Ascribed status
The social status a person is assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life
something with a C lol
lolol
dimensions of mcdonaldization - who
Ritzer. One of the fundamental aspects of McDonaldization is that almost any task can (and should) be rationalized. The process of McDonaldization takes a task and breaks it down into smaller tasks. This is repeated until all tasks have been broken down to the smallest possible level. The resulting tasks are then rationalized to find the single most efficient method for completing each task. All other methods are then deemed inefficient and discarded.
Achieved status (and who)
Ralph Linton. A social position that a person can acquire on the basis of merit; it is a position that is earned or chosen
role conflict
A situation in which a person is expected to play two incompatible roles. For example, a boss will suffer role conflict if forced to fire an employee who is also a close friend
social interaction
a dynamic sequence of social actions between individuals (or groups) who modify their actions and reactions due to actions by theirinteraction partner(s)
Dramaturgical analysis (and who)
Goffman. Front stage/Back stage concept. Life is a stage.
authoritarian leaders
Leadership that focuses on instrumental concerns, takes personal charge of decision-making, and demands strict compliance from subordinates
Rationality
the replacement of traditions, values, and emotions as motivators for behavior in society with rational, calculated ones
What is impression management
People attempt to influence the perceptions of other people about a person, object or even
expressive leadership
Group leadership that emphasizes collective well-being
Role expectation
the socially determined behaviors expected of a person performing a role
Status symbols
in a commercial society, having money or wealth and things that can be bought by wealth, such as cars, houses, or fine clothing, are considered status symbols. In a society that values honor or bravery, a battle scar would be more of a status symbol. Among intellectuals being able to think in an intelligent and educated way is an important status symbol regardless of material possessions
retreatism
rejecting both the goals and the means. For example, one might just drop out of society, giving up on everything
stigma
Goffman. an attribute, behavior, or reputation which is socially discrediting in a particular way
Out group
a social group with which an individual does not identify
What is backstage? Who’s theory is this?
Erving Goffman - similar to backstage in theatre. Actor can relax, be himself.
