Test #1 Review Flashcards
Children copy, or imitate, the behaviors of others around them without sophisticated understanding of what they are imitating.
Whose theory is this?
What ages is it associated with?
Preparatory stage. George Herbert Mead. Age 0-2.
During this stage, children begin to engage in symbolic play and learn to manipulate symbols.
Whose theory is this?
What is the age bracket?
Which stage (1-4) is this?
Preoperational stage. Piaget. Age 2-7. Stage 2.
Large-scale organizations which use one or more of these technologies to communicate with large numbers of people
Mass media
Individuals who sell their labour power for wages and who do not own the means of production
Proletariate class
Articulate
Precise use of language
Values + Society. One who believes that a society is a system of interconnected parts that work together in harmony to maintain a state of balance and social equilibrium for the whole.
Functionalist
The process of learning to behave in a way that is acceptable to society
Socialization
Consists of the beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics common to the members of a particular group or society
Culture
The recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern
Manifest functions
Why is sociology scientific?
Sociology is scientific because of the use of specific language
Typically focused on the micro-level of social interaction that composes everyday life
Qualitative research
A social or religious custom prohibiting or forbidding discussion of a particular practice or forbidding association with a particular person, place, or thing
Taboos
Uses numerical data to identify large-scale trends
Quantitative research
People act toward things based on the meaning those things have for them, and these meanings are derived from social interaction and modified through interpretation.
Who is this attributed to?
Symbolic interactions. George Herbert Mead.
The system of communication used by a particular community or country.
Language
Social expectations that guide behavior
Norms
Involves interviews or administering questionnaires to large numbers of people
Surveys
The principle of regarding the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from the viewpoint of that culture itself
Cultural relativism
A punishment for breaking an established norm
Negative sanction
Claims society is in a state of perpetual conflict due to competition for limited resources. It holds that social order is maintained by domination and power, rather than consensus and conformity.
Whose theory is this?
Conflict theory, Karl Marx
Anything created by humans which gives information about the culture of its creator and users
Material artifacts
A social psychological concept stating that a person’s self grows out of society’s interpersonal interactions and the perceptions of others.
(Whose theory is this?)
Looking-glass self, Charles Horton Cooley
A gesture (usually a vocal gesture) that calls out in the individual making the gesture the same (i.e., functionally identical) response that is called out in others to whom the gesture is directed
Symbol
- Children understand their social position and the positions of those around them
- Children become concerned about the demands and expectations of others
(And who is this attributed to?)
The game stage - George Herbert Mead
It is the general notion that a person has of the common expectations that others have about actions and thoughts within a particular society, and thus serves to clarify their relation to the other as a representative member of a shared social system.
Who is this attributed to?
What does this go along with?
Generalized other. Mead. Symbolic interactionism.
Examples include any ideas, beliefs, values, or norms that shape a society
Non-material artifacts
There are a number of things that can affect an individual’s socialization process. These are called _____.
Agents of socialization
A cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests at variance with those of the larger culture
Subcultures
The feeling of disorientation experienced by someone who is suddenly subjected to an unfamiliar culture, way of life, or set of attitudes
Culture shock
A primary group of people who have similar interests (homophily), age, background, or social status. The members of this group are likely to influence the person’s beliefs and behavior.
Peer groups
The social class that came to own the means of production during modern industrialization and whose societal concerns are the value of property and the preservation of capital, to ensure the perpetuation of their economic supremacy in society
The bourgeoisie class
Evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one’s own culture
Ethnocentrism
A reward for conforming to established norms
Positive sanction
Sociology
Lifelong process of social interactions through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society
The ability to perceive situations and circumstances in a wide social context and observe how interactions and actions are influential upon other individuals and situations. E.g., drinking coffee daily.
Who is this associated with?
Sociological imagination. C. Wright Mills.
Any function of an institution or other social phenomenon that is unintentional and often unrecognized
Latent functions
The aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community
Society
