test 2 review Flashcards
What are histones?
Small globular proteins wrapped
How is energy released from ATP?
By hydrolyzing the third phosphate bond
Main function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Lipid Synthesis
What does Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) contain and what is the function??
Contains Ribosomes; protein synthesis
Where is the DNA found in a bacterial cell?
Nucleoid Region
What is the purose/role of the peptidoglycan cell wall in bacteria?
provides a rigid cell wall to prevent celll from swelling or bursting
Which organelle is repsonsible for photosynethes in plant cells?
Chloroplasts
Equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2+6H2O+energy->C6H12O6+6O2
What is the structure of DNA?
Double stranded helix;
with complementary base pairs
Difference between rough and smooth Endoplasmic Reticukum (ER)
smooth ER:
Lipid synthesis; no ribosomes
Rough ER:
Protein synthesis; contains ribosomes
Structure/ characteristics of the bacterial cell
- cell membrane
-cell wall
-glycocalyx
What are accessory rings of DNA called and in what cell are they located in?
plasmids ; bacterial cells
What are plasmids in bactrial cells?
Non essential; circular DNA that provide additional genetic material
What helps attach to surfaces?
Fimbriae
Where is DNA located i a bacterial cell?
Nucleoid region
How do Paramecia move?
Cilia
What is an autotroph?
Producer that make their own food via photosyntheis
What is an heterotroph?
consumer that depend on other organisms for food
What are the end products of photosynthesis?(2)
Glucose
oxygen
Function of the central vacuole in a plant cell?
stores water & nutrients
provides rigidy to the plant cell
Role of fimbriae in bacterial cells?
help in attachment to surfaces
Structure of the plasma membrane?
phospholpid bilayer
contains: proteins and cholestrol
Differentially Permeable Membrane
only certain molecules can pass easily
Function of Aquaporin
transporting water
what are antigens?
recognizes foreign protein
ex; A, AB, B and O blood type
How does cholesterol function in the plasma membrane?
same answers 2 different ways of saying:
-maintaining rigidity
-prevents from becoming too rigid
Types of protein found in plasma membrane (3)
integral
peripheral
trasmembrane
Which moleucle can pass easily through the plasma membrane?
Hydrophobic molecule
What are glycoproteins?
proteins with sugar attached
What happens if a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?
(hint aeiou)
water enters the cell causing it t burst
what happens if a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution? & what is it called
(hint aeiou)
water leaves causing it to shrink;
crenation
isotonic
water will enter and leave at the same time
What is passive transport?
movement of molucles high to low
what drives passive transport?
concentration gradient?
define active transport
movement of molecules
what does acrive transpoort require? (2)
transport proteins &ATP
Example of active transport
sodium potassium pump
what is turgor pressure?
internal pressure within the cell wall
facilitated transport/diffusion
transport protein
glucose
osmosis
movement of water across semi permeable high to low
What is coupling
energy released by exorgonic reactuinton drive endogonic reaction
potential energy and an ex
stored energy ]
ex. stretched spring
kinetic engergy
energy in motion
exergonic reactions
less energy than the products
enderegonic raections
input of energy
first law of thermodynamics
energy can’t be created nor destroyed
ONLY transofrmed
second law
useful enegery is lost as heat
compepetive inhibtaion
binding to active site
non competive inhibitaion
inhibitor binds allosteric site
metablism
sum total of chemical reactions in acell
induced fit model of enzyme substrae interaction
site changes to shape better
