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Radiologic Science > Test 2 Review > Flashcards

Test 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Velocity

A

How fast energy of wave moves from one point to another

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2
Q

Amplitude

A

Maximum displacement of media from its equilibrium
Strength of wave, not its energy

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3
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance between two like points on wave
Measured in Angstroms
Angstrom = 10^ -10 m

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4
Q

Frequency

A

Number of cycles passing a fixed point in a second
Measured in Hertz

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5
Q

Velocity equals ___ x ___

A

frequency
wavelength

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6
Q

Frequency & wavelength have ___ proportional relationship

A

inverse

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7
Q

Electromagnetic wave formula

A

c = frequency x wavelength
c = speed of light

All electromagnetic waves travel at speed of light (in vacuum)
If frequency increases, wavelength decreases
Energy is directly proportional to frequency

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8
Q

Energy is ___ proportional to frequency

A

directly

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9
Q

Energy is directly proportional to ___

A

frequency

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10
Q

Resonance

A

Tendency of electromagnetic radiation to interact w/ substances having similar natural frequency

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11
Q

X-rays have ___ nature

A

dual
Qualities of both light photons and physical properties

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12
Q

High energies behave like ___

A

particles

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13
Q

Reflection: Light vs. X-ray

A

Light: yes
X-ray: no

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14
Q

Refraction: Light vs. X-ray

A

Light: yes
X-ray: no

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15
Q

Dispersion: Light vs. X-ray

A

Light: yes
X-ray: no

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16
Q

Absorption: Light vs. X-ray

A

Light: yes
X-ray: yes
Low energy X-rays
X-rays that interact w/ radiopaque objects

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17
Q

Transmission: Light vs. X-ray

A

Light: yes
X-ray: yes
High energy X-rays
X-rays that interact w/ radiolucent objects

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18
Q

Attenuation

A

Partial absorption of light or X-rays

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19
Q

Radiopaque

A

Very few X-rays pass thru

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20
Q

Radiolucent

A

X-rays can pass easily thru

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21
Q

Electromagnetism

A

All moving electric charges develop magnetic fields

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22
Q

Magnetic moment

A

Orientation of magnetic field for single electron or proton

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23
Q

Magnetic dipole

A

Small magnetic field around entire atom

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24
Q

Magnetic domain

A

Group of atoms w/ magnetic dipoles pointed in same direction

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25
Ferromagnetic
Iron/nickel materials w/ magnetic domains easily lined up in same direction
26
Paramagnetic
Materials slightly attracted to magnetic fields Al, O, Au, Cu
27
Diamagnetic
Materials slightly repel magnetic field Glass, water
28
Non-magnetic
Materials unaffected by magnetic field Wood, rubber
29
Retentivity
Ability of magnet to hold on to its magnetism over time
30
Magnetic fields are strongest near the ___
poles
31
Strength of attraction/repulsion of poles follows the ___ law
Inverse square law
32
Magnetic field - unit of measurement
Gauss (G) - roughly strength of earth's magnetic field at the poles
33
Tesla (T) equals ___ gauss
10,000
34
Typical strength of MRI machine
2 Teslas (T)
35
Electrostatics - unit of measurement
Coulomb
36
Laws of Electrostatics
1. Like charges repel, opposite charges attract 2. Solid objects - only electrons move 3. Solid objects - free electrons only exist on surface 4. Solid objects - free electrons concentrate near point of greatest curvature
37
Electrification
Movement of electrons from one object to another so number of electrons in both objects is unequal
38
Static electricity is generally caused by electrification by ___
friction
39
To minimize static, humidity should be above ___
40%
40
Electrification - Contact
Occurs when potential difference exists between 2 objects touching each other
41
Electrification - Induction
Charge is induced in another object w/o touching it
42
Electromotive Force (EMF)
Force created by any electric potential difference
43
Electromotive force - unit of measurement
Volt
44
Electrodynamics - Conductors
Electrical current flow in most conditions
45
Electrodynamics - Semiconductors
Electrical current flow in certain conditions
46
Electrodynamics - Insulators
No electrical current flow
47
Electrodynamics - Current
Flow of loosely-bound outer shell electrons
48
Current - unit of measurement
Ampere / Amp 1 Coulomb per second
49
1 Coulomb per second is equal to ___
1 ampere
50
Current flow & electron flow are in ___ directions
opposite
51
Series circuit
Each component of circuit is connected to each other Failure of one component breaks the circuit
52
Parallel circuit
Each component is connected to power source independently Failure of one component only breaks circuit to that component, not the others
53
Resistance
Force preventing electrons from moving thru circuit
54
Resistance affected by:
Length of conductor Diameter of conductor Material of conductor
55
Ohm's Law
V = I x R Voltage = Current x Resistance
56
Electrical power
RATE at which electrical power is used
57
Electrical power - unit of measurement
Watt (W)
58
Alternating Current
Oscillation of current back & forth
59
At frequency of 60 Hertz, each cycle lasts for ___
1/60th second
60
How many hertz in a second?
60
61
How many pulses in a hertz?
2
62
How many pulses in a second?
120
63
3 ways to generate alternating current
1. Move conductor back & forth thru magnetic field - most common 2. Move magnetic field back & forth near conductor 3. Alternate the strength of magnetic field
64
Transformer
Use induction to transform voltage & amperage
65
Step-up transformer
Voltage goes up Amperage goes down
66
Step-down transformer
Voltage goes down Amperage goes up
67
True/False Induction only works with Alternating Current
True
68
Autotransformer
Uses concept of self-induction to slightly change voltage in a circuit

Radiologic Science (3 decks)

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