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Radiologic Science > Test 2 Review > Flashcards

Test 2 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Velocity

A

How fast energy of wave moves from one point to another

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2
Q

Amplitude

A

Maximum displacement of media from its equilibrium
Strength of wave, not its energy

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3
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance between two like points on wave
Measured in Angstroms
Angstrom = 10^ -10 m

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4
Q

Frequency

A

Number of cycles passing a fixed point in a second
Measured in Hertz

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5
Q

Velocity equals ___ x ___

A

frequency
wavelength

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6
Q

Frequency & wavelength have ___ proportional relationship

A

inverse

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7
Q

Electromagnetic wave formula

A

c = frequency x wavelength
c = speed of light

All electromagnetic waves travel at speed of light (in vacuum)
If frequency increases, wavelength decreases
Energy is directly proportional to frequency

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8
Q

Energy is ___ proportional to frequency

A

directly

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9
Q

Energy is directly proportional to ___

A

frequency

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10
Q

Resonance

A

Tendency of electromagnetic radiation to interact w/ substances having similar natural frequency

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11
Q

X-rays have ___ nature

A

dual
Qualities of both light photons and physical properties

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12
Q

High energies behave like ___

A

particles

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13
Q

Reflection: Light vs. X-ray

A

Light: yes
X-ray: no

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14
Q

Refraction: Light vs. X-ray

A

Light: yes
X-ray: no

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15
Q

Dispersion: Light vs. X-ray

A

Light: yes
X-ray: no

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16
Q

Absorption: Light vs. X-ray

A

Light: yes
X-ray: yes
Low energy X-rays
X-rays that interact w/ radiopaque objects

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17
Q

Transmission: Light vs. X-ray

A

Light: yes
X-ray: yes
High energy X-rays
X-rays that interact w/ radiolucent objects

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18
Q

Attenuation

A

Partial absorption of light or X-rays

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19
Q

Radiopaque

A

Very few X-rays pass thru

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20
Q

Radiolucent

A

X-rays can pass easily thru

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21
Q

Electromagnetism

A

All moving electric charges develop magnetic fields

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22
Q

Magnetic moment

A

Orientation of magnetic field for single electron or proton

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23
Q

Magnetic dipole

A

Small magnetic field around entire atom

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24
Q

Magnetic domain

A

Group of atoms w/ magnetic dipoles pointed in same direction

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25
Q

Ferromagnetic

A

Iron/nickel materials w/ magnetic domains easily lined up in same direction

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26
Q

Paramagnetic

A

Materials slightly attracted to magnetic fields
Al, O, Au, Cu

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27
Q

Diamagnetic

A

Materials slightly repel magnetic field
Glass, water

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28
Q

Non-magnetic

A

Materials unaffected by magnetic field
Wood, rubber

29
Q

Retentivity

A

Ability of magnet to hold on to its magnetism over time

30
Q

Magnetic fields are strongest near the ___

A

poles

31
Q

Strength of attraction/repulsion of poles follows the ___ law

A

Inverse square law

32
Q

Magnetic field - unit of measurement

A

Gauss (G) - roughly strength of earth’s magnetic field at the poles

33
Q

Tesla (T) equals ___ gauss

A

10,000

34
Q

Typical strength of MRI machine

A

2 Teslas (T)

35
Q

Electrostatics - unit of measurement

A

Coulomb

36
Q

Laws of Electrostatics

A
  1. Like charges repel, opposite charges attract
  2. Solid objects - only electrons move
  3. Solid objects - free electrons only exist on surface
  4. Solid objects - free electrons concentrate near point of greatest curvature
37
Q

Electrification

A

Movement of electrons from one object to another so number of electrons in both objects is unequal

38
Q

Static electricity is generally caused by electrification by ___

A

friction

39
Q

To minimize static, humidity should be above ___

A

40%

40
Q

Electrification - Contact

A

Occurs when potential difference exists between 2 objects touching each other

41
Q

Electrification - Induction

A

Charge is induced in another object w/o touching it

42
Q

Electromotive Force (EMF)

A

Force created by any electric potential difference

43
Q

Electromotive force - unit of measurement

A

Volt

44
Q

Electrodynamics - Conductors

A

Electrical current flow in most conditions

45
Q

Electrodynamics - Semiconductors

A

Electrical current flow in certain conditions

46
Q

Electrodynamics - Insulators

A

No electrical current flow

47
Q

Electrodynamics - Current

A

Flow of loosely-bound outer shell electrons

48
Q

Current - unit of measurement

A

Ampere / Amp
1 Coulomb per second

49
Q

1 Coulomb per second is equal to ___

A

1 ampere

50
Q

Current flow & electron flow are in ___ directions

A

opposite

51
Q

Series circuit

A

Each component of circuit is connected to each other
Failure of one component breaks the circuit

52
Q

Parallel circuit

A

Each component is connected to power source independently
Failure of one component only breaks circuit to that component, not the others

53
Q

Resistance

A

Force preventing electrons from moving thru circuit

54
Q

Resistance affected by:

A

Length of conductor
Diameter of conductor
Material of conductor

55
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

V = I x R
Voltage = Current x Resistance

56
Q

Electrical power

A

RATE at which electrical power is used

57
Q

Electrical power - unit of measurement

A

Watt (W)

58
Q

Alternating Current

A

Oscillation of current back & forth

59
Q

At frequency of 60 Hertz, each cycle lasts for ___

A

1/60th second

60
Q

How many hertz in a second?

A

60

61
Q

How many pulses in a hertz?

A

2

62
Q

How many pulses in a second?

A

120

63
Q

3 ways to generate alternating current

A
  1. Move conductor back & forth thru magnetic field - most common
  2. Move magnetic field back & forth near conductor
  3. Alternate the strength of magnetic field
64
Q

Transformer

A

Use induction to transform voltage & amperage

65
Q

Step-up transformer

A

Voltage goes up
Amperage goes down

66
Q

Step-down transformer

A

Voltage goes down
Amperage goes up

67
Q

True/False Induction only works with Alternating Current

A

True

68
Q

Autotransformer

A

Uses concept of self-induction to slightly change voltage in a circuit

Radiologic Science (3 decks)

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