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Radiologic Science > Test 1 Review > Flashcards

Test 1 Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Parsimony

A

Simple explanations more likely to be true than complex ones

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2
Q

Reproducibility

A

Proofs should be able to be duplicated w/ same results

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3
Q

Falsifiability

A

Theories should be able to be logically and logistically proven false

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4
Q

Observation

A

Proofs should be able to be observed directly w/ the senses

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5
Q

Measurability

A

Results should be able to be measured and mathematically quantified

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6
Q

Scientific approach is _________

A

Self-correcting - it will always change

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7
Q

Who discovered X-rays?

A

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

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8
Q

When were X-rays discovered?

A

November 8, 1895

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9
Q

Who discovered fluoroscopy?

A

Thomas Edison

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10
Q

Largest source of radiation for average human?

A

Radon gas

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11
Q

ALARA

A

As Low As Reasonably Achievable
Refers to occupational exposure

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12
Q

Metric system is aka _______

A

Le Systeme International (SI)

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13
Q

British units:

A

RAD, REM, Roentgen

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14
Q

SI units:

A

Grays, Sieverts, Coulombs/kg2

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15
Q

Unit prefix for millionths

A

micro = Mu

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16
Q

Unit prefix for thousandths

A

milli = m

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17
Q

Unit prefix for hundredths

A

centi = c

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18
Q

Unit prefix for thousands

A

kilo = k

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19
Q

Unit prefix for millions

A

mega = M

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20
Q

Law of Conservation of Energy

A

Energy can’t be created/destroyed
Energy can only be transformed

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21
Q

2 types of Mechanical Energy

A

Potential energy
Kinetic energy

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22
Q

Potential Energy

A

Energy of position

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23
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy of motion

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24
Q

Conduction heat

A

Direct contact

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25
Q

Convection heat

A

Mixing of hot & cold molecules

26
Q

Radiation heat

A

Transfer

27
Q

99% of X-ray tube interactions are ____ interactions

A

Heat

28
Q

1 reason to use technique charts

A

Consistency

29
Q

How to determine technique?

A

Body part
Measurement of body part

30
Q

Proton

A

Positively charged particle located in nucleus

31
Q

Neutron

A

No charge particle located in nucleus

32
Q

Electron

A

Negatively charged particle orbiting nucleus & creating orbital layers

33
Q

Nucleon

A

Protons & neutrons

34
Q

Z number

A

Number of protons in nucleus
Number of electrons in stable atom

35
Q

Atomic weight

A

Slightly higher than number of nucleons

36
Q

Atomic shells

A

Letters: K - Q
Principle Quantum Numbers: 1 - 7
2n^2 rule
Octet rule

37
Q

2n^2 rule

A

Maximum number of electrons allowed in a shell when n = Principle Quantum Number

38
Q

Octet rule

A

Outermost shell can never hold more than 8 electrons

39
Q

Covalent bond

A

Bonding of 2 atoms w/odd number of electrons
2 atoms share “extra” electrons in figure 8 pattern
Much weaker than ionic bond

40
Q

Ionic bond

A

Postive & negative ions attracted to each other electrically
Super strong bond

41
Q

Molecule

A

2+ atoms chemically bonded together

42
Q

Mixture

A

Combo of 2+ substances not chemically bonded
aka Suspension

43
Q

Ground state

A

Most stable configuration of nucleons
Correct number of neutrons to stabilize atom

44
Q

Radioactive state

A

Nucleus is unstable & spends too much energy holding itself together

45
Q

Isotope

A

Atom w/ unusual number of neutrons
Not necessarily radioactive

46
Q

Alpha particle

A

2 protons & 2 neutrons
Changes atom’s elemental structure
20x more damaging than X-rays

47
Q

Beta particle

A

Breakdown of neutron into positive neutron (now a proton) & high-speed negative electron
5x more damaging than X-rays

48
Q

Gamma rays

A

Energy release from unstable nucleus w/o change to atomic structure
Naturally occurring X-rays

49
Q

Ionization

A

Gain/loss of electron by atom
Creates net electrical charge due to addition/subtraction of electron

50
Q

2 ways electron can be removed creating an ion?

A

Incident electron
Incident X-ray

51
Q

Ion pair

A

Ejected electron & its atom

52
Q

Binding energy

A

Amount of energy used to hold orbital electron in place
Amount of energy needed to knock electron out of orbit

53
Q

keV requirement for electron removal

A

keV equal to or greater than its binding energy

54
Q

How is radiation formed from inner and outer shell elecrons?

A

Inner shell electron is removed from orbit & replaced by outer shell electron

55
Q

Outer shell electron gives off its energy in the form of _____

A

X-ray

56
Q

Strength of X-ray is equal to _____

A

Difference between the 2 binding energies

57
Q

Tungsten symbol

A

W (Wolfram)

58
Q

Tungsten Z number

A

74

59
Q

Tungsten: K shell
Quantum number & Binding energy?

A

Quantum #1
Binding energy 69 kV

60
Q

Tungsten: L shell
Quantum number & Binding energy?

A

Quantum #2
Binding energy 12 kV

61
Q

Tungsten: M shell
Quantum number & Binding energy?

A

Quantum #3
Binding energy 3 kV

Radiologic Science (3 decks)

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