Test 2- Respiratory System Flashcards
each min how much ml of O2 go from alveoli into blood and CO2 go the opposite way
250ml of alveoli into blood
200ml of CO2 diffuses from blood to alveoli
What does airway resistance depend on
- pressure b/w both ends
- airflow ( P1-P2/resistence)
- Diameter
Exercise induced asthma results in_______ and it does what
Bronchospasm
narrowing of airways, increased work of breathing
Pulmonary ventilation equations
V=Vt x F (f= number of breaths per min)
V=Valveolar+Vdead
What is Tidal volume and whats the avg
Volume of air breathed in
avg 6l
minute ventilation( VE)= Vt + F
What is FEV/FVC and what is a healthy percentage
- used in diagnosing Obstructive airways
- 85% is healthy
Where is most O2 pressure lost in O2 transport cascade
from air to alveolar
from arterial to capillary
True or False: O2 is released from myoglobin below 5mmhg
true
What does A-V O2diff calculate
the difference between the O2 in atrial blood and venus blood
What limits aerobic capacity:
A) O2 supply
B) Muscle O2 use
A
CO2 transport at tissue and lung
@ tissue- H+ binds to HB
- HCO3 diffuses out of RBC
@ lungs- O2 binds to Hb
What is the Ventilation- Perfusion ratio
Ratio of alveolar ventilation to pulmonary BF (.84)
Rest to work transition:VT , PO2, PCO2 for UT to TR individuals
VT- UT- linear up to 50-70% VO2 max exponential after
TR- linear longer
PO2- UT- maintained
TR- decreases a lot due to short RBC transport times
Where does stem come from for inspiration
Medula + Pons
What is the group pacemaker hypothesis
suggests that regulation of breathing is under redundant control
2 inputs to respiratory control centres
- Neural inputs (mechanoreceptors)
- Humoral Input- central- PCO2, H donc in cerebral fluid
- peripheral- PO2, PCO2, H, K in blood
@ rest what is the greatest respiratory stim and what does its increase cause
PCO2 in atrial Plasma
small increase in PCO2 trigger large increase in VE
What is Cortical Influence + Peripheral Influence
Cortical - Anticipitation of exercise increase VE
Peripheral- Sensory input from joints, limbs
What is primary driver of breathing
CO2
4 phases of Ventilation during exercise
- stim from cerebral cortex tell medulla to increase VE
- Short plateu then VE rises to reach steady state lvl
- Fine tuning of steady state using info from periphery
- reestablishment of normal lvls
what is hypoxemia
Failure of lung to adapt to training in elites
Increased ventilation causes what to CO2, PCO2, H and PH
decreases CO2, PCo2, H and an increase in PH
What is VT
Inflection point due to Co2 realease from lactate acid buffering
minute ventilation and lactate threshold go up at same time
What does bicarbonate do
H changed to CO2 by it
1st line of defence
Cellular buffering- proteins, bicarbonate, p groups
