Test 2- Respiratory System

Question 1

each min how much ml of O2 go from alveoli into blood and CO2 go the opposite way

Answer 1

250ml of alveoli into blood

200ml of CO2 diffuses from blood to alveoli

Question 2

What does airway resistance depend on

Answer 2

• pressure b/w both ends
• airflow ( P1-P2/resistence)
• Diameter

Question 3

Exercise induced asthma results in_______ and it does what

Answer 3

Bronchospasm

narrowing of airways, increased work of breathing

Question 4

Pulmonary ventilation equations

Answer 4

V=Vt x F (f= number of breaths per min)

V=Valveolar+Vdead

Question 5

What is Tidal volume and whats the avg

Answer 5

Volume of air breathed in
avg 6l
minute ventilation( VE)= Vt + F

Question 6

What is FEV/FVC and what is a healthy percentage

Answer 6

• used in diagnosing Obstructive airways

- 85% is healthy

Question 7

Where is most O2 pressure lost in O2 transport cascade

Answer 7

from air to alveolar

from arterial to capillary

Question 8

True or False: O2 is released from myoglobin below 5mmhg

Answer 8

true

Question 9

What does A-V O2diff calculate

Answer 9

the difference between the O2 in atrial blood and venus blood

Question 10

What limits aerobic capacity:

A) O2 supply
B) Muscle O2 use

Answer 10

A

Question 11

CO2 transport at tissue and lung

Answer 11

@ tissue- H+ binds to HB
- HCO3 diffuses out of RBC

@ lungs- O2 binds to Hb

Question 12

What is the Ventilation- Perfusion ratio

Answer 12

Ratio of alveolar ventilation to pulmonary BF (.84)

Question 13

Rest to work transition:VT , PO2, PCO2 for UT to TR individuals

Answer 13

VT- UT- linear up to 50-70% VO2 max exponential after
TR- linear longer

PO2- UT- maintained
TR- decreases a lot due to short RBC transport times

Question 14

Where does stem come from for inspiration

Answer 14

Medula + Pons

Question 15

What is the group pacemaker hypothesis

Answer 15

suggests that regulation of breathing is under redundant control

Question 16

2 inputs to respiratory control centres

Answer 16

1. Neural inputs (mechanoreceptors)
2. Humoral Input- central- PCO2, H donc in cerebral fluid
   - peripheral- PO2, PCO2, H, K in blood

Question 17

@ rest what is the greatest respiratory stim and what does its increase cause

Answer 17

PCO2 in atrial Plasma

small increase in PCO2 trigger large increase in VE

Question 18

What is Cortical Influence + Peripheral Influence

Answer 18

Cortical - Anticipitation of exercise increase VE

Peripheral- Sensory input from joints, limbs

Question 19

What is primary driver of breathing

Answer 19

CO2

Question 20

4 phases of Ventilation during exercise

Answer 20

1. stim from cerebral cortex tell medulla to increase VE
2. Short plateu then VE rises to reach steady state lvl
3. Fine tuning of steady state using info from periphery
4. reestablishment of normal lvls

Question 21

what is hypoxemia

Answer 21

Failure of lung to adapt to training in elites

Question 22

Increased ventilation causes what to CO2, PCO2, H and PH

Answer 22

decreases CO2, PCo2, H and an increase in PH

Question 23

What is VT

Answer 23

Inflection point due to Co2 realease from lactate acid buffering
minute ventilation and lactate threshold go up at same time

Question 24

What does bicarbonate do

Answer 24

H changed to CO2 by it

Question 25

1st line of defence

Answer 25

Cellular buffering- proteins, bicarbonate, p groups