Test 2- Cardiovascular System

Question 1

what are the 2 major adjustments of blood flow during exercise

Answer 1

1. Increases Cardiac Output ( CO= SV x HR)

2. Redistribution

Question 2

Equation for SV

Answer 2

SV= EDV- ESV

Question 3

What is SV determined by

Answer 3

• Volume of venous blood returning
• Ventricular Dispensability
• Ventricular Contractability
• Aortic/ Pulmonary Pressure

Question 4

At rest how much O2 does the heart extract from blood

Answer 4

70-80%

Question 5

Resting and Max HRs of untrained, trained, elite athletes

Answer 5

untrained - 70, 200
trained- 60, 200
elite- 30-50, 180

Question 6

What is Heart Rate Variability

Answer 6

Time b/w heart beats ( R-R)

- wide variety is considered healthy

Question 7

What is stroke volume

Answer 7

Volume of blood pumped per heart beat

Question 8

Sv rest and max levels for untrained, trained and elite

Answer 8

untrained- 50-70, 80-110
trained- 70-90. 110-150
elite- 90-110, 150-220

Question 9

How does SV progress during exercise

Answer 9

increases linearly with exercise then levels off (40-60% VO2 max)

Question 10

Factors that affect EDV

Answer 10

Venous tone, ventricular size/ dispensability, supine or prone position( decreased HR, increased SV)

Question 11

CO during exercise

Answer 11

• increases rapidly from rest to steady state then plateus

Endurance athletes achieve large Q max on SV alone

Question 12

How to enhance Sv

Answer 12

• enhance Cardiac filling is diastole (results in more forefull systolic contraction

Enhance contractility- Catecholine release increases contractility

Question 13

What is Cardiovascular drift

Answer 13

decrease in EDV resulting from prolonged exercise and heat, HR increases to deal with lower SV

Question 14

What is the equation of CO and resistance

Answer 14

CO= MAP/TPR

Question 15

What is Ficks Equation

Answer 15

VO2= CO x (a-v O2 dif)

Question 16

Q distribution in body

Answer 16

• Most tissues decrease at expense of muscles
• Heart receives more
• Arterioles control

Question 17

Mean arterial blood pressure equation

Answer 17

MAP= DBP + .33(SBP-DBP)

Question 18

Factors affecting BP

Answer 18

blood volume
HR increases
SV increases
Blood viscosity
Peripheral resistance *(radius of vessel)*

Question 19

What happens to blood vessels in steady rate exercise

Answer 19

Vasodialate in active muscles to decrease TPR to Increase BF

Increased BF increases SBP during start of exercise

Question 20

How much less VO2 does the upper body use compared to the lower body

Answer 20

20-30% less

• smaller muscles
• have higher systolic/diastolic in upper body

Question 21

What is the hypersensitive response

Answer 21

-Post exercise BP drops below pre exercise levels (up to 12 hours)