Test 2 Questions Flashcards
With respect to the operations of the gear, what statement is true?
- the gear can be extended at any speed at or below 140
- the gear has to be retracted at any speed less than or equal to 109
- when cycling the gear do not reverse directions when the pump is running
(All of the above)
If you were operating a Piper Seminole that weighed 3450 lbs and you encountered moderate turbulence, what speed should the a/c be slowed to in order to avoid structural damage?
127 knots!
According to notes:
3,800lbs = 135 knots
3,450lbs = 127 knots
2,870lbs = 115 knots
On climb out, you experience a hard roll and yaw force to the right with a significant reduction in climb rate and speed - what is most likely the problem?
…
The right engine has failed?
The right engine governor has failed?
Which of the following speeds in the Seminole would give you the best single engine climb rate?
Vyse = 88 knots
Which of the following speeds in the Seminole is the minimum speed at which directional control can be maintained under FAR Part 23 certification standards?
Vmc = 56
Which of the following statement is True about Vmc, with regard to an increase in weight?
- Vmc will decrease with an increase in weight
The published Vmc speed for all the Seminoles was calculated under which condition? (in regards to landing gear)
- Landing gear retracted
How will lowering the landing gear and flap affect Vmc?
DECREASE Vmc
What CG location and gross weight would lead to the LOWEST Vmc speed?
- Forward CG at the heaviest weight
What actions should a pilot take if they begin to lose directional control when operating single-engine?
…checklist
- decrease engine power on good engine
- pitch down to increase airspeed
- feather the prop on the inop engine
- simultaneously execute a and b
The a/c’s single engine service ceiling is the:
Highest altitude the a/c can maintain a 50 FPM climb rate when single engine
The a/c’s service ceiling is:
The highest altitude the a/c can maintain a 100 FPM climb rate
Zero side slip condition in the Piper Seminole is identified as:
1/2 ball deflection and 2-3 degrees of bank
In the Piper Seminole which engine, if failed, would most adversely affect performance and controllability?
Neither
In the a conventional rotating twin, which engine would most adversely affect performance and controllability if failed?
Left engine!
V1 is defined as:
Takeoff DECISION speed
The distance required to accelerate the a/c on takeoff to liftoff speed, experience an engine failure, and come to a complete stop is:
Accelerate-stop distance
The distance required to accelerate the a/c on takeoff to liftoff speed, experience an engine failure, and climb to 50’ above the runway is:
Accelerate-GO distance
There are 4 factors described in class that make the ___ engine critical, and when that engine fails what factor reduces the airflow over the rudder?
- Left
- Accelerated Slipstream
How will Increasing Weight affect Vmc?
Increased WT = Decreased Vmc
How will moving the CG Forward affect Vmc?
Forward CG = Decreased Vmc
How will Vmc be affected when the a/c leaves ground effect?
Increased Altitude = Decreased Vmc
How will Vmc be affected when power is REDUCED on the operating engine, and the opposite prop is feathered?
REDUCED POWER = Decrease Vmc
- Less adverse yaw!
How will EXTENDED (lowered) gear affect Vmc?
Lowered Gear = Decrease Vmc
How will RETRACTED gear affect Vmc?
Retracted Gear = Increased Vmc
How will a LOWER density altitude value affect Vmc?
Lower DA = Increased Vmc
How will an AFT CG affect Vmc?
Aft CG = Increased Vmc
How does a FEATHERED prop vs a WINDMILLING prop affect Vmc?
Feathered Prop = Decreased Vmc
- Windmilling prop increases Vmc and has -200fpm performance cost
How will DECREASING weight affect Vmc?
Decreased WT = Increased Vmc
TRUE or FALSE: Stall speed and Vmc DECREASE as density altitude INCREASES (assume normally aspirated engine)
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: In all multi-engine a/c stalls will always occur before losing directional control
FALSE (D.A. and IAS chart!!!)
TRUE or FALSE: Vmc is calculated with the inoperative engine’s propeller windmilling unless the a/c is equipped with an auto-feathering system
TRUE
- “The a/c will be left with a windmilling propeller” pg 151
- Props and in T/O position
TRUE or FALSE: If the pilot uses the wings level method for the a/c control following an engine failure the a/c is considered in coordinated (no slip or skid)
False…
TRUE or FALSE: To achieve maximum performance single-engine the pilot should pitch for Vyse and establish zero sideslip
True
In the Piper Seminole’s gear system, what shuts the pump OFF during gear retraction?
- Pressure switch reaching approx 1800 psi
The squat switch on the Piper Seminole’s RIGHT main gear:
- Disables lift detectors on the on the wing to prevent stall warning horn on ground
- Activates mx hobbs
(b and c)
Which of the following electrical buses in the Piper Seminole’s electrical system has power regardless of the a/c’s master switch position
Battery Bus
When the RIGHT fuel selector is in the X-FEED position in the Piper Seminole the:
- The LEFT Engine is drawling fuel from the LEFT Tank
- The RIGHT Engine is drawling fuel from the LEFT Tank
What does FAR 23.149 define?
- Minimum Control Speed (Vmc)
- CAS at which, when the critical engine fails, it is possible to maintain Directional Control of the a/c
(maintain straight and level flight at the same speed with no more than 5 degrees bank)
What 13 certification requirements/conditions are used to determine an a/c’s Vmc?
- Critical Engine is failed
- Directional Control is maintained
- Bank Angle is 5 degrees or less
- No more than 1.2Vs1
- A/c is at most unfavorable CG and weight
- Airborne (out of ground effect)
- Max. power on both engines
- Cannot reduce power on either engine
- A/c is trimmed for takeoff
- Gear is up, Flaps and Props in T/O condition
- 150lbs Max force on Rudders
- A/c must not enter unusual attitudes
- No heading changes greater than 20 degrees
WHY is it important to know the parameters under which Vmc of our a/c was determined?
SO THAT WE KNOW THE PERFORMANCE OF OUR A/C IN AN ENGINE OUT SITUATION
What are the 4 factors that MAKE the Left engine critical on a conventional twin? Explain them.
- P-Factor - (Propeller Factor) greater lift/thrust is created by descending prop blade, causing asymmetric thrust and left turning tendencies (eliminated on counter-rotating twins)
- Accelerated Slipstream - Accelerated air on the side with the DESCENDING prop blade create greater lift vector (think of picture)
- Spiraling Slipstream - Propwash impacts LEFT side of vertical stabilizer/rudder
- Torque - For every action there’s an equal and opposite reaction
What are the 3 types of Hydroplaning?
- Dynamic - Tires sit on top of water on runway (9 x Square root of the Tire Pressure)
- Viscous - Altered runway surface (paint)
- Reverted Rubber - Friction turns water into steam that is so hot it melts the tire
What is the Absolute Ceiling for an a/c?
The altitude at which you can no long maintain a climb rate (0 fpm)
What is max T/O weight AND certified Landing weight for the Piper Seminole?
3,800lbs
What is mx RAMP weight for the Piper Seminole?
3,816lbs
TRUE or FLASE: Vmca is a stalled condition
TRUE!!!!!
What is powered by the Emergency Battery?
....bitch get in that POH COM 1 NAV 1 STBY Instruments Audio Panel Avionics Lighting
Why is Vlo (ret) lower than Vlo (ext)?
- Pump must work harder when gear is being retracted
- Gear door limitations
Why do we have a Vlo (ext) speed?
Due to gear DOOR limitations!
The Piper Seminole’s landing gear is ____ powered, and ____ operated.
- Electrically Powered
- Hydraulically Operated
(electrically powered hydraulic pump)
What instruments in the Piper Seminole operate off the vacuum system?
NONE!
There is no vacuum system because the Seminole does not have any gyroscopic instruments, they are ALL electrically driven!
What part of the Seminole is most likely to accumulate ice the fastest?
The tail!
What are the 2 categories of Autopilot?
- Attitude Based
- More accurate - Rate Based
- Pressure changes
- Independent static sources
- Lag a little
What are the 3 axis categories Autopilot can cover?
1 Axis: Roll
2 Axis: Roll + Pitch
3 Axis: Roll + Pitch + Yaw
What is Basic Empty Weight?
Standard empty weight plus optional equipment
When the aircraft leave ground affect, what happens to Vmc?
Out of ground affect = INCREASED Vmc
When power is reduced on the operative engine, what happens to Vmc?
Power reduced = Decreased Vmc
If Density Altitude is a LOWER VALUE, how is Vmc affected?
According to Lovelace, Vmc will Increase with an decreased Density Altitude value.
