Test 2 part VI Flashcards
Which type of adrenergic medication would you give for nasal decongestion?
Alpha Agonist (nasal mucosa constriction)
Which Adrenergic receptor increases lipolysis?
Beta
Which Adrenergic receptor inhibits lipolysis?
Alpha 2
What receptors increase insulin secretion from the pancreas?
Beta
What receptors decrease insulin secretion from the pancreas?
Alpha 2
What drug should you avoid using in insulin dependent diabetics or those with CAD?
Beta Blockers (inhibit lipolysis, increases LDL, decreases HDL)
Which drug is given for the treatment of BPH?
Alpha Blockers (relaxes the prostate and the bladder neck)
What type of drug is labetalol?
Mixed Alpha and Beta Sympatholytic
What type of drug is haloperidol?
Mixed Alpha and Dopa Sympatholytic
Which drug is a CNS stimulant that inhibits NT reuptake at noradrenergic synapses by blocking NET?
Cocaine
Which Alpha Blocker is a treatment for Pheochromocytoma/ high catecholamine states?
Phenoxybenzamine
What is the mechanism of action for Phenoxybenzamine?
Blocks α1 and α2, lowers BP, but has indirect baroreflex activation so HR rises
Labetalol blocks _____ over _____.
α1 > β block
Carvedilol, a Mixed Alpha & Beta, blocks _____ over _____.
β > α1 block
What is the Mechanism of Action for Haloperidol?
Causes sedation, tranquility by blocking Dopaminergic (D2) receptors in the brain and antagonizing α receptors.
Before surgery for removal of pheochromocytoma, what drugs should the patient be on?
Alpha Blocker first, then Beta Blocker
What is the mechanism of action for Timolol?
Blocks β1 and β2 and reduces intraocular pressure.
What is the standard treatment for Glaucoma?
Timolol
Which Beta Blocker has the shortest half-life?
Esmolol; (β1 > β2) short half-life
Nicotinic receptor agonism in the brain is responsible for the regulation and release of what neurotransmitters?
- glutamate
- GABA
- serotonin
- dopamine
- NE
Acute withdrawal of ________________ medications that agonize the _____________ receptor will cause anxiety and stress; therefore, they must be tapered
direct acting cholinomimetics; nicotinic
Tertiary amines that are muscarinic blockers achieve significant levels in the CNS within _________________ minutes; except transdermal route (like scopolamine), which take about __________ hours
30-60; 4
What is the effect of giving a muscarinic blocker on the eye?
- mydriasis
- cycloplegia (relax ciliary muscle –> loss of accomodation –> unable to focus for near vision)
- reduced lacrimal secretion (dry eye/sand eye)
What are the contraindications for administering a muscarinic blocker?
- Glaucoma, esp closed angle
- BPH
- gastric ulcers
What drug category will lead to increased sweat production esp palms of hands from apocrine sweat glands?
Sympathomimetics
What are the indications for administering a Ganglionic Blocker?
- htn emergency
- dissecting aortic aneurysm
- smoking cessation
- ECT
What are the locations for the M1 Receptor?
CNS neurons, sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons, some pre-synaptic sites, and the stomach
What are the locations of the M2 receptor?
The myocardium, smooth muscle, some presynaptic sites, and CNS neurons
What are the locations of the M3 receptor?
Exocrine glands, vessels of the smooth Muscle and endothelium, and CNS neurons?
What are the locations of the Nn receptor?
Post ganglionic neurons and some presynaptic cholinergic terminals
What is the location of the Nm receptor?
Skeletal muscle neuromuscular endplates
What is the location of the Alpha 1 receptor?
Postsynaptic effector cells especially in smooth muscle
What is the location of the Alpha 2 receptor?
Presynaptic adrenergic nerve terminals, platelets, lipocytes, and smooth Muscle
What are the locations of the Beta 1 Receptor?
Post synaptic effector cells of the heart, lipocytes, and brain; adrenergic and cholinergic nerve terminals, and the JGA and ciliary epithelium
What are the locations of the Beta 2 receptors?
Post synaptic effector cells especially in smooth and cardiac muscle
What are the locations of the Dopa 1 receptors?
Brain, and effector tissues - especially the smooth muscle of the renal vascular bed
