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Pharmacology I > Test 2 part VI > Flashcards

Test 2 part VI Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of adrenergic medication would you give for nasal decongestion?

A

Alpha Agonist (nasal mucosa constriction)

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2
Q

Which Adrenergic receptor increases lipolysis?

A

Beta

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3
Q

Which Adrenergic receptor inhibits lipolysis?

A

Alpha 2

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4
Q

What receptors increase insulin secretion from the pancreas?

A

Beta

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5
Q

What receptors decrease insulin secretion from the pancreas?

A

Alpha 2

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6
Q

What drug should you avoid using in insulin dependent diabetics or those with CAD?

A

Beta Blockers (inhibit lipolysis, increases LDL, decreases HDL)

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7
Q

Which drug is given for the treatment of BPH?

A

Alpha Blockers (relaxes the prostate and the bladder neck)

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8
Q

What type of drug is labetalol?

A

Mixed Alpha and Beta Sympatholytic

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9
Q

What type of drug is haloperidol?

A

Mixed Alpha and Dopa Sympatholytic

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10
Q

Which drug is a CNS stimulant that inhibits NT reuptake at noradrenergic synapses by blocking NET?

A

Cocaine

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11
Q

Which Alpha Blocker is a treatment for Pheochromocytoma/ high catecholamine states?

A

Phenoxybenzamine

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Phenoxybenzamine?

A

Blocks α1 and α2, lowers BP, but has indirect baroreflex activation so HR rises

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13
Q

Labetalol blocks _____ over _____.

A

α1 > β block

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14
Q

Carvedilol, a Mixed Alpha & Beta, blocks _____ over _____.

A

β > α1 block

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15
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action for Haloperidol?

A

Causes sedation, tranquility by blocking Dopaminergic (D2) receptors in the brain and antagonizing α receptors.

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16
Q

Before surgery for removal of pheochromocytoma, what drugs should the patient be on?

A

Alpha Blocker first, then Beta Blocker

17
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Timolol?

A

Blocks β1 and β2 and reduces intraocular pressure.

18
Q

What is the standard treatment for Glaucoma?

A

Timolol

19
Q

Which Beta Blocker has the shortest half-life?

A

Esmolol; (β1 > β2) short half-life

20
Q

Nicotinic receptor agonism in the brain is responsible for the regulation and release of what neurotransmitters?

A
  1. glutamate
  2. GABA
  3. serotonin
  4. dopamine
  5. NE
21
Q

Acute withdrawal of ________________ medications that agonize the _____________ receptor will cause anxiety and stress; therefore, they must be tapered

A

direct acting cholinomimetics; nicotinic

22
Q

Tertiary amines that are muscarinic blockers achieve significant levels in the CNS within _________________ minutes; except transdermal route (like scopolamine), which take about __________ hours

A

30-60; 4

23
Q

What is the effect of giving a muscarinic blocker on the eye?

A
  1. mydriasis
  2. cycloplegia (relax ciliary muscle –> loss of accomodation –> unable to focus for near vision)
  3. reduced lacrimal secretion (dry eye/sand eye)
24
Q

What are the contraindications for administering a muscarinic blocker?

A
  1. Glaucoma, esp closed angle
  2. BPH
  3. gastric ulcers
25
Q

What drug category will lead to increased sweat production esp palms of hands from apocrine sweat glands?

A

Sympathomimetics

26
Q

What are the indications for administering a Ganglionic Blocker?

A
  1. htn emergency
  2. dissecting aortic aneurysm
  3. smoking cessation
  4. ECT
27
Q

What are the locations for the M1 Receptor?

A

CNS neurons, sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons, some pre-synaptic sites, and the stomach

28
Q

What are the locations of the M2 receptor?

A

The myocardium, smooth muscle, some presynaptic sites, and CNS neurons

29
Q

What are the locations of the M3 receptor?

A

Exocrine glands, vessels of the smooth Muscle and endothelium, and CNS neurons?

30
Q

What are the locations of the Nn receptor?

A

Post ganglionic neurons and some presynaptic cholinergic terminals

31
Q

What is the location of the Nm receptor?

A

Skeletal muscle neuromuscular endplates

32
Q

What is the location of the Alpha 1 receptor?

A

Postsynaptic effector cells especially in smooth muscle

33
Q

What is the location of the Alpha 2 receptor?

A

Presynaptic adrenergic nerve terminals, platelets, lipocytes, and smooth Muscle

34
Q

What are the locations of the Beta 1 Receptor?

A

Post synaptic effector cells of the heart, lipocytes, and brain; adrenergic and cholinergic nerve terminals, and the JGA and ciliary epithelium

35
Q

What are the locations of the Beta 2 receptors?

A

Post synaptic effector cells especially in smooth and cardiac muscle

36
Q

What are the locations of the Dopa 1 receptors?

A

Brain, and effector tissues - especially the smooth muscle of the renal vascular bed

Pharmacology I (16 decks)

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