Test 2 part II Flashcards
Adrenergic Receptors respond to _____
Catecholamines (Norepi, Epi, or Dopa)
What are your nonadrenergic noncholinergic receptors?
Autonomic Effector Tissues that contain fibers that are neither cholinergic nor adrenergic.
Ex: ENS
What are the roles of acetylcholine?
- Primary NT at ANS ganglia, Somatic NMJ, and at PNS postganglionic nerve endings
- Primary excitatory NT to smooth muscle and secretory cells in the ENS
- Major neuron-to-neuron (ganglionic) NT in the ENS
What are the roles of Dopamine?
- A modulatory transmitter in some ganglia of ENS
- Probably a postganglionic sympathetic transmitter in renal vessels
What are the roles of GABA (y-aminobutyric acid)?
- May have presynaptic effects on ENS nerve terminals
- Has some relaxant effect on the gut
- NOT a major transmitter in the ENS
What is the role of Norepinephrine?
- Primary neurotransmitter at most sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings
What is the role of Serotonin?
- Important NT or cotransmitter at excitatory neuron-to-neuron junctions in the ENS
Parasympathetic nervous system causes what effects in the body?
- Constricts Pupil
- Stimulates salivation
- Inhibits Heart
- Constricts Bronchi
- Stimulates digestive activity
- Stimulates gall bladder
- Contracts bladder
- Relaxes Rectum
Sympathetic Nervous System causes what effects in the body?
- Dilates Pupil
- Inhibits Salivation
- Relaxes Bronchi
- Accelerates Heart
- Inhibits digestive activity
- Stimulates glucose release by the Liver
- Secretion of Epi and NE from Kidney
- Relaxes bladder
- Contracts Rectum
Inhibition of the heart is done by the _____ receptor of the ____ NS?
M2; parasympathetic
All physiologic responses of the body (periphery) to parasympathetic nervous system stimulation (except for cardiac) are via the _____ receptor.
M3
What is the typical locations of M1 cholinoreceptors?
- CNS neurons
- Sympathetic postganglionic neurons
- Some presynaptic sites
- Stomach
What are the results of a ligand binding (i.e. stimulation) of the M1 cholinoreceptor?
- Formation of IP3 and DAG
- Increased intracellular Ca
- H+ Secretion
What are the typical locations of the M2 Cholinoreceptor?
- Myocardium
- Smooth Muscle
- Some presynaptic sites
- CNS Neurons
What is the result of ligand binding (i.e. stimulation) of the M2 cholinoreceptor?
- Opening of Potassium Channels
- Inhibition of Adenylyl Cyclase
What are the typical locations of the M3 cholinoreceptor?
- Exocrine glands
- Vessels (Smooth muscle [airway] & endothelium)
- CNS neurons
- Salivary Glands
What is the result of ligand binding (i.e. stimulation) of the M3 cholinoreceptor?
- Increase salivation
- Bronchoconstriction
- Vasodilation
- Formation of IP3 and DAG
- Increased Intracellular Ca
- Increased Hydrogen Secretion
What are the typical locations of the Neural (Nn) nicotinic cholinoreceptor?
- Post ganglionic Neurons
- Some presynaptic cholinergic terminals
Neural Nicotinic receptors (Nn) typically contain two _____ and one ______ type subunits, in addition to ____ and ____ subunits.
Alpha 3; Beta 4; Gamma; Delta
What is the result of ligand binding (i.e. stimulation) of nicotinic cholinoreceptors (either Nn or Nm)?
Opening of Na & K channels and depolarization
What is the typical location of the Nm nicotinic cholinoreceptors?
Skeletal Muscle Neuromuscular End Plates
Nm nicotinic receptors typically contain two _____ and _____ type subunits, in addition to ____ and ____ subunits.
Alpha 1; Beta 1; Gamma; Delta
Where are Alpha 1 Adrenoreceptors typically located?
Postsynaptic effector cells, especially in smooth muscle.
What is the typical result of ligand binding (i.e. stimulation) of alpha1 Adrenoreceptors?
- Formation of IP3 and DAG
- Increased intracellular Calcium
Where are the Alpha 2 Adrenoreceptors typically located?
- Presynaptic Adrenergic nerve terminals
- Platelets
- Lipocytes
- Smooth Muscle
What is the typical result of ligand binding (i.e. stimulation) of the Alpha 2 Adrenoreceptor?
Inhibition of Adenylyl Cyclase, decreased cAMP
Where are Beta 1 adrenoreceptors typically located?
- Postsynaptic effector cells, especially in the heart, lipocytes, and brain
- Presynaptic adrenergic and cholinergic nerve terminals
- Juxtaglomerular Apparatus of renal tubules and ciliary body epithelium
What is the typical result of ligand binding (i.e. stimulation) of Beta 1 Adrenoreceptors?
Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase, increased cAMP
What is the typical location of Beta 2 Adrenoreceptors?
Postsynaptic effector cells- especially in Smooth Muscle and Cardiac Muscle
What is the typical result of ligand binding (i.e. stimulation) of Beta 2 Adrenoreceptors?
- Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase
- Increased cAMP
- Activates cardiac G1 under some conditions
What is the typical location of D1 (DA1), D5 Dopamine receptors?
- Brain
- Effector tissues, especially smooth muscle of the renal vascular bed
What is the typical result of ligand binding (i.e. stimulation) of the D1 (DA1), D5 Dopamine receptors?
Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase and increased cAMP
The SA node is accelerated by stimulation of which receptors?
B1, B2
The SA Node is decelerated by stimulation of which receptors?
M2
Endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is synthesized and released in the endothelium of vessels in the heart, brain, and viscera with stimulation of which receptors?
M3, M5
As we age, the activity of ____ is diminished, which is why we see HTN more commonly in older individuals.
EDRF
Which sympathetic receptor is responsible for pupil dilation?
Alpha 1
Which sympathetic receptor is responsible for inhibition of salivation?
Alpha (Non-selective)
Which sympathetic receptor is responsible for the relaxation of the bronchi?
Beta 2
Which sympathetic receptor is responsible for accelerating the heart rate?
B1, B2
Which sympathetic receptor inhibits digestive activity?
Alpha 1, Alpha 2, and Beta 2
Which sympathetic receptor stimulates glucose to be released by the Liver?
Alpha (non-selective) and Beta 2
Which sympathetic receptor causes the secretion of Epi and Norepi from the Adrenal Medulla?
Beta 1
Which sympathetic receptor leads to relaxation of the bladder?
Beta 2
Which sympathetic receptor leads to contraction of the rectum?
Alpha 1
What is the technical term for contracted pupils?
Miosis
What is the technical term for dilated pupils?
Mydriasis
The highest level of the Autonomic Nervous System is at the ________ and the _______.
Midbrain; Medulla
The function of the ANS at the highest level is integrated with _____, ______, and ______.
- Endocrine System
- Sensory Input
- Cerebral Cortex
Some organs possess reflex control, meaning that the sensory fibers associated with the _____ system exert reflex control over the motor outflow in the _____ system.
-Ex: Carotid Sinus Baroreceptors, Aortic Arch Baroreceptors
Parasympathetic; Sympathetic
