Test 2 NMNC 1135 Flashcards
Difficult, labored breathing
Dyspnea
Peak of the pressure wave on arterial walls
Systolic pressure
A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes
Cyanosis
A slow heart rate
Bradycardia
Absence of breathing
Apnea
Presence of a fever
Febrile
Apical pulse exceeds the radial pulse
Pulse deficit
Increased respiratory rate
Tachypnea
Difficulty in breathing in positions other than upright
Orthopnea
Lowest pressure on arterial walls, occurs when the heart rests
Diastolic pressure
Permanent or temporary hair loss
Alopecia
Collapse of all or part of the lung
Atelectasis
Abnormal “swooshing” sound
Bruit
Earwax
Cerumen
Double vision
Diplopia
Bruising
Ecchymosis
Swelling
Edema
Redness of skin caused by congestion or dilation of the superficial blood vessels in the skin, signaling circulatory changes to an area.
Erythema
Yellow hue to the skin
Jaundice
Numbness or tingling
Paresthesia
Itching
Pruritis
Bending and twisting
Tortuosity
Disequilibrium, spinning sensation
Vertigo
Mechanism of cultural change achieved through the exchange of cultural features resulting from firsthand contact between groups
Acculturation
Process by which individuals from one cultural group merge with, or blend into a second group
Assimilation
A statement, idea, or principle that has a broad application
Generalization
Focuses on the outsider’s world and especially on professional views
Etic perspective
Process whereby a culture is passed from generation to generation
Enculturation
Arbitrarily assigning a race to a person on the basis of a societal dictate that associates social identity with ancestry
Rule of descent
Focuses on the local, indigenous, and insider’s culture
Emic perspective
Belief that one’s own culture is superior to that of another while using one’s own cultural values as the criteria by which to judge other cultures
Ethnocentrism
A group of people having a common interest or identity
Community
Process of being reared and nurtured within a culture and acquiring its characteristics
Socialization
Results from nerve injury
Neuropathic pain
Physiological pain
Somatic pain
Excessive sensitivity
Hyperalgesia
Occurs after an amputation when the brain continues to receive messages from the area of the amputation
Phantom pain
Pain that extends to other areas
Radiating pain
Pain that is perceived by an individual but has no physical cause
Psychogenic pain
Pain from noninjury stimuli
Allodynia
Greatly exaggerated pain reaction to stimuli
Hyperpathia
The administration of medications before a painful event
Preemptive analgesia
Unpleasant, abnormal sensation
Dysesthesia
A central pulse that can be auscultated over the apex of the heart at the point of maximal impulse (PMI)
Apical pulse
An irregular rhythm in the pulse, caused by an early, late, or missed heartbeat,
is referred to as a dysrhythmia or an arrhythmia.
Listening with a stethoscope
auscultation
The absence of Korotkoff sounds noted in some patients after the initial systolic pressure; the gap may cover a range as wide as 40 mm Hg. Failure to recognize this may lead to major errors in measuring blood pressure.
Auscultatory gap
The measurable pressure of blood within the systemic arteries.
Blood pressure
Temperature of deep tissues
Core temperature
a rise in body temperature above normal, caused by trauma or illness
Fever (pyrexia)
Occurs from exposure to subnormal temperatures. Ice crystals form inside the cells, which may cause permanent circulatory and tissue damage. Common sites for this are earlobes, the tip of the nose, fingers, and toes. The skin becomes white and firm, with a loss of sensation. Interventions for this include gradual warming, pain management, and protection of the injured area.
Frostbite
Occurs when extreme or prolonged environmental heat exposure leads to profuse sweating with consequent excessive water and electrolyte loss.
Heat exhaustion
Occurs when prolonged exposure to the sun or high environmental temperatures overwhelms the body’s heat loss mechanisms. This health emergency carries a high mortality rate. Risk factors include very young or very old age, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and alcoholism, along with exercise or work out of doors in predisposing conditions. Signs and symptoms include confusion, delirium, excessive thirst, nausea, muscle cramps, and high temperature and heart rate. Hot, dry skin and absence of sweating are other features
heat stroke
high levels of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream
Hypercapnia
low oxygen levels in the blood
Hypoxemia
Elevated blood pressure; it is the leading cause of cardiovascular disorders and the most important risk factor for stroke.
Hypertension
High body temperature
hyperthermia
Deep, rapid respirations often caused by stress or anxiety
hyperventilation
The sounds for which the nurse listens when assessing blood pressure.
Korotkoff sounds
A sudden drop of 20 mm Hg in systolic pressure and 10 mm Hg in diastolic pressure when the patient moves from a lying to sitting to standing position.
orthostatic hypotension
Amount of oxygen in the arterial blood.
oxygen saturation
Physical examination using touch to assess body organs and skin texture, temperature, moisture, turgor, tenderness, and thickness.
palpation
Pulses that can be palpated over arteries located away from the heart.
peripheral pulse
The palpable, bounding blood flow created by the contraction of the left ventricle of the heart.
pulse
The frequency of breaths per minute (BPM). One inhalation and one exhalation is one breath.
respiration
An increase in respiratory rate to more than 24 BPM in the adult.
tachypnea
The sensible heat of the human body.
temperature
A basic but very important component of the physiologic assessment of a patient; used to monitor the functioning of body systems. VS consist of body temperature (T), pulse (P), respirations (R), and blood pressure (BP).
vital signs (VS)
