Test 1 NMNC 1110 Flashcards
An unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk thereof. Such events signal the need for immediate investigation and response.
Sentinel event
An error of commission (did not provide care correctly) or omission (did not provide care) that could have harmed the patient, but serious harm did not occur as a result of chance, prevention, or mitigation.
Near miss
An event that results in unintended harm to the patient by an act of commission (did not provide care correctly) or omission (did not provide care) rather than by the underlying disease or condition of the patient.
Adverse event
7 medication rights
Right route, medication, patient, education, documentation, time, dose
QSEN
Quality & Safety Education for Nurses
3 elements of nursing competency QSEN emphasizes and considers needed to demonstrate safety in one’s practice.
Knowledge, skill, attitude
Concepts with the strongest links to safety
Communication, quality, regulation
The diligent, systemic inquiry or investigation to validate and refine existing knowledge and generate new knowledge. Systematic investigation, including research development, testing, and evaluation, designed to contribute to generalizable knowledge.
Research
Who creates the standards of professional performance requiring nurses to research findings in practice?
The American Nurses Association (ANA)
Mission of NINR (National Institute of Nursing Research)
To promote and improve the health of individuals, families, and communities
Research based on postpositivist philosophy
Quantitative
Philosophy which assumes that reality is objective, fixed, stable, observable, measurable, and value free
Postpositivist
___ formulates a specific conclusion from a large amount of data.
Quantitative, Deductive reasoning
___ identifies data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon.
Quantitative, Descriptive research
__ can provide a starting point for future research or generate a hypothesis or theory through observation or documentation of a particular situation
Quantitative, Descriptive research
A fact, event, or circumstance that can be observed or experienced
Qualitative, A phenomenon
A research method used to explore a relationship between two variables
Correlational research. It does not prove causation. It is not cause and effect.
Explores the causal relationships between variables. One variable has cause/effect relationship with another one. (i.e. medication, disease)
Quantitative, Experimental research
Examines a causal relationship between variables, but it may not meet the strict guidelines of experimental research
Quasi-experimental research
A concept or item that has values that can change and that can be measured, manipulated, or controlled in the study
A variable
A statement about two or more variables and their relationship to each other
A hypothesis
Provides a rationale for conducting the research proposed for the study
A literature review
A concept or idea whose values determine the value of the other (dependent) variables
Independent variable
The outcome that is affected by manipulation of the independent variable
Dependent variable
Showing the degree of satisfaction with each item, or as open-ended questions. (scale of 1-5)
Likert scale format
Does not receive treatment. Purpose is to prevent bias
Control group
Accepts that theories, background, knowledge, and values of the researcher can influence what’s observed
Postpositivist philosophy
Formulates a specific conclusion from a large amount of data
Deductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning is what kind of research?
Quantitative
testing hypothesis through objective observation and validation, introduce least amount of bias, involves statistical analysis, and deductive in nature
Focus of quantitative research
What kind of research is an experimental study?
Quantitative.
What is an experimental study?
gold standard. double-blind study. neither proctor nor participant knows subject of trial
What kind of research is a quasi-experimental study?
Quantitative
What is a quasi-experimental study?
Examines causal relationship between variables
What kind of research are random controlled studies?
Quantitative
What kind of research are cohort studies
Quantitative
What kind of research are longitudinal studies?
Quantitative
What kind of research are case controlled studies?
Quantitative
What kind of research is a case reports study?
Quantitative
What kind of research is descriptive study?
Quantitative
What kind of research is correlational study?
Quantitative
What is a longitudinal study?
Study over long period of time
What is a case controlled study?
Selected participants
What is a case report study
Only study a few subjects
What is a descriptive study?
Research method that describes the characteristics of population or phenomenon studies. Starting point for future research.
What is a correlational study?
Used to explore relationship between two variables. Not causation. Compares things.
Which philosophy recognizes the learners’ understanding and knowledge based on their own experiences prior to the study?
Constructivist philosophy
Inductive reasoning is what kind of research?
Qualitative Research
Which type of research is based on constructivist philosophy?
Qualitative Research
What type of reasoning generalizes from specific facts and involves content analysis?
Inductive reasoning
What type of research is focused on: person’s experience, analyzes non-numerical data, value laden; focus on personal beliefs, assumes an inductive approach, and involves content analysis?
Qualitative Research
Which type of research is an ethnography study?
Qualitative
Which type of research is a phenomenological study?
Qualitative
Which type of research is grounded theory study?
Qualitative
Which type of research is a case report study?
Qualitative
Which type of research is a historical research study?
Qualitative
What focuses on the sociology of meaning through close field observation of a sociocultural phenomenon?
Qualitative, Ethnography
What explores the reactions of a specific group of people who experienced a similar event in their lives
Qualitative, Phenomenology
What derives from data collected in studies. Used to study PPD, communication processes, and the way people with HIV manage their illness. Arrives at theory to see it in another way
Qualitative, Grounded Theory
What only studies a few subjects?
Case Reports
What studies historical documents to determine an accurate picture of a past event or time period?
Historical Research
Active errors. Direct patient care
Sharp End
Latent errors. Organizational/system
Blunt End
The result of a delay in diagnosis, failure to employ indicated tests, use of outmoded tests, or failure to act on results of monitoring or testing.
Diagnostic errors
Occur in the performance of an operation, procedure or test; in the administering a treatment; in the dose or method of administering a drug; or in avoidable delay in treatment or in responding to an abnormal test.
Treatment errors
Occurs when there are failures to provide prophylactic treatment and inadequate monitoring or follow-up of treatment.
Preventive errors
Can lead to many types of errors. By employing a standardized system for classifying different types of errors, best practices can be developed to address safety compromises in healthcare systems
Communication failure (meaning a lack of communication or a lack of clarity in communication)
Contributing factors to safety culture
Leadership, teamwork, evidence-based, communication, learning, just culture, patient-centered care
Barriers to safety culture
Fear of professional or personal punishment, concern about malpractice implications, no model of nursing care
What are human factors?
workflow fluctuations, lack of needed supplies, concerns with communication and coordination across disciplines
What did Florence Nightingale base her practice on?
Findings
Content analysis, everything decided at the beginning
Qualitative
Numbers, random-controlled studies, experimental, has a control group, random assignment
Quantitative
Provides a comprehensive, unbiased analysis through the use of a strict scientific design to select and assess each of the studies
Systematic review
Merges statistical results from related studies to discover similarities and differences in their findings
Meta-analysis
Based on a constructivist philosophy, which assumes that reality is composed of multiple socially constructed realities of each person or group
Qualitative research
Generalizes from specific facts
Inductive reasoning
Explores the reactions of a specific group of people who experienced a similar event in their lives
Qualitative, phenomenological research
The diligent systemic inquiry or investigation to validate and refine existing knowledge and generate new knowledge
Research
Systematic investigation, including research development, testing, and evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge
Research
Requires nurses to use research findings in practice
The ANA
Produces data in the form of numbers.
Quantitative research
Based on a postpositivist philosophy, which assumes that reality is objective fixed stable, observable, measurable, and value free
Quantitative research
Formulates a specific conclusion from a large amount of data
Quantitative, Deductive reasoning
Identifies data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon. Provide a starting point for future research or generate a hypothesis or theory through observation or documentation of a particular situation
Quantitative, descriptive research
A fact, event, or circumstance that can be observed or experienced
Quantitative, phenomenon
Used to explore a relationship between 2 variables
Quantitative, correlational research
A concept or item that has values that can change and that can be measured, manipulated, or controlled in the study
Quantitative, variable
Explores causal relationships between variables
Quantitative, experimental research
Examines a causal relationship between variables, but it may not meet the strict guidelines of experimental research
Quantitative, quasi-experimental research
Explores the reactions of a specific group of people who experienced a similar event in their lives
Qualitative, Phenomenological research
Generalizes from specific facts
Qualitative, inductive reasoning
What provides a rationale for conducting the research proposed for a study?
The literature review
What is a statement about two or more variables and their relationship to each other?
A hypothesis
