Test 2: Muscles of the head and neck Flashcards
Muscles of the head
Occipitofrontalis
Temporalis
Muscles of facial expression
Orbicularis Oculi Corrugator supercilli Levator palpabrae superioris Nasalis Zygomaticus major Zygomaticus minor Orbicularis oris Levator labil superioris Risorius Buccinator Mentalis Platysma
Muscles acting on the jaw and tongue
Genioglossus Intrinsic tongue muscles Medial pterygoid Lateral pterygoid Masseter Mylohyoid Digastric
Muscles of respiration
Diaphragm External intercostals Internal intercostals Scalenes Pectoralis minor
Abdominal muscles
Rectus abdominus
External abdominal oblique
Internal abdominal oblique
Transverse abdominus
Dorsal/Posterior Axial/Appendicular muscles
Splenius Capitus
Semispinalis capitis
Trapezius
Erector spinae muscles
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
Muscles of the eye
Superior rectus Inferior rectus Medial rectus Lateral rectus Superior oblique Inferior oblique
Muscles of the anterior neck
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Stylohyoid
Sternocleidomastoid
Occipitofrontalis
O- occipital bone
I- Frontal bone- skin of eyebrow and nose
A- moves scalp, elevates eyebrows
Temporalis
O- Temporal bone (temporal fossa)
I- Coronoid process and ramus of mandible
A- Closes mandible
Orbicularis oculi
O- Maxilla and frontal bones
I- circles orbit and inserts near origin
A- closes eye; winking motion
Corrugator supercilli
O- medial portion of frontal bone
I- Skin of eyebrows
A- Adducts eyebrows; pulls them medially
Levator palpabrae superioris
O- Back of orbit at sphenoid bone
I- at eyelid
A- opens eyes
Nasalis
O- maxilla above incisor teeth and canine teeth
I- ala of nose and midline of aponeurosis
A- flattens nose, flares nostrils
Zygomaticus major
O- Zygomatic bone
I- muscle and skin of mouth
A- smile
Zygomaticus minor
O- zygomatic bone
I- corners of mouth
A- lift corners of mouth
Orbicularis oris
O- maxilla and zygomatic bones
I- skin of lips
A- open and close mouth, purse lips
Levator labii superioris
O- maxilla and zygomatic bones
I- muscle and skin of lips
A- elevates upper lip, flares nostrils
Levator anguli oris
O- canine fossa of maxilla
I- angle (corner) of mouth
A- elevates angle of mouth
Risorius
O- fascia of masseter (lateral cheek)
I- Skin at angle of mouth
A- abducts corner of mouth (draws edge lateral)
Buccinator
O- maxilla and mandible near molar teeth
I- Orbicularis oris
A- compresses cheek
Mentalis (pouting muscle)
O- anterior mandible
I- skin of cheek below lower lip
A- protrudes lower lip
Platysma
O- fascia covering pectoralis major and deltoid
I- mandible and skin of lower region of face
A- depresses lower lip, opens jaw
Genioglossus
O-Mental protuberance of mandible
I- tongue
A- depresses and protrudes tongue
Intrinsic tongue msucles
O and I- within tongue
A- change shape of tongue
Medial pterygoid
O- medial surface of lateral pterygoid
I- medial surface of ramus
A- elevates and protracts mandible
Lateral pterygoid
O- Superior head; greater wing of sphenoid bone
I- Superior head, capsule and articular dish of temporomandibular join
A- Protracts mandible, opens mouth, grinding of chewing
Masseter
O- zygomatic arch
I- angle and ramus of mandible
A- closes mandible
Mylohyoid
O- mylohyoid line of mandible
I- midline raphe and body of hyoid bone
A- elevates hyoid bone and tongue; depresses mandible
Digastric
O- interior, distal margin of mandible
I- Hyoid
A- elevates, protracts, retracts hyoid; opens mandible
Omohyoid
O- superior surface of scapula
I- hyoid
A- depresses hyoid
Sternohyoid
O- manubrium of sternum
I- Hyoid
A- depresses hyoid
Sternothyroid
O- manubrium of sternum
I- thyroid cartilage of larynx
A- Depressed thyroid cartilage
Stylohyoid
O- posterior side of styloid process
I- Splits around internal tendon muscle; body of hyoid bone
A- elevates and retracts hyoid bone
Sternocleidomastoid
O- sternum, clavicle
I- mastoid process of temporal bone
A- Abducts, rotates, flexes head
Diaphragm
O- xiphoid process, lower ribs, upper lumbar vertibrae
I- central tendon
A- inspiration and expiration
External intercostals
O- inferior margin of each rib
I- superior border of each rib
A- expands ribs during inhalation
Internal intercostals
O- superior margin of each rib
I- inferior border of rib above origin
A- forced expiration, depresses ribs
Scalenes
O- transverse processes of C2-C6
I- first and second ribs
A- elevates respective ribs, inspiration
Pectoralis minor
O- ribs 3-5
I- caracoid process of scapula
A- depresses glenoid cavity, raises ribs 3-5
Rectus abdominus
O- crest of pubis, pubic synthysis
I- cartilages of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process
A- flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall
External abdominal oblique
O- ribs 5-12
I- linea alba, iliac crest, pubis
A- compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates trunk
Internal abdominal oblique
O- inguinal ligament, iliac crest
I- linea alba, ribs 10-12
A- compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates trunk
Transverse abdominis
O- inguinal ligament, iliac crest, ribs 7-12
I- linea alba, crest of pubis
A- compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates trunk
Splenius capitis
O-ligamentum nuchae, C7-T6
I- C2-C4, occipital and temporal bone
A- extends/rotates head
Semispinalis capitis
O- C7-T12
I- occipital bone, T1-T4
A- extends head and vertebral column, rotates vertebral column
Trapezius
O- posterior occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, C7-T12
I- clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula
A- Extends and abducts head, rotates and adducts scapula, fixes scapula
Iliocostalis
O-Vertebral column, ilium ribs
I- ribs, vertebral column, occipital and temporal bones
A- extends and rotates vertebral column and head
Longissimus
O-Vertebral column, ilium ribs
I- ribs, vertebral column, occipital and temporal bones
A- extends and rotates vertebral column and head
Spinalis
O-Vertebral column, ilium ribs
I- ribs, vertebral column, occipital and temporal bones
A- extends and rotates vertebral column and head
Superior rectus
O- common tendinous ring at apex of orbit
I- sclera on superior surface of eyeball
A- elevates and adducts eyeball
Inferior rectus
O- common tendinous ring at apex of orbit
I- sclera on inferior surface of eyeball
A- Depresses and adducts corneal part of eyeball
Medial rectus
O- common tendinous ring at apex of orbit
I- sclera on medial surface of eyeball
A- adducts corneal part of eyeball
Lateral rectus
O- common tendinous ring at apex of orbit
I- sclera on lateral surface of eyeball
A- abducts corneal part of eyeball
Superior oblique
O- apex of the orbit
I- sclera on posterior superior surface of eyeball
A- depresses and abducts eye
Inferior oblique
O- floor of orbit, lateral to lacrimal groove
I- Sclera on inferior surface of eyeball
A- elevates and abducts corneal part of eyeball
