Test 2 (midterm) Flashcards
(30 cards)
What bonding does primary structure show?
Peptide bonds
What type of structure does a polypeptide show?
Primary structure
What bonding does secondary structure show?
Peptide bonds and hydrogen bonds
What happens when too much heat is applied to a protein?
The three dimensional structure unfolds, and the protein loses its shape, or denatures. Therefore, the protein loses its function
What is the bond called between two amino acids?
Peptide bond
How can a protein denature?
Too much heat is applied or the protein is in the wrong pH
What do all amino acids have in common?
Alpha carbon, non-R group hydrogen, carboxyl group, and amino group
What changes between different amino acids
The R-group
What is the ratio of carbon:hydrogen:oxygen in carbohydrates?
1:2:1
Name two monosaccharides
Glucose and fructose
What is the formula of glucose?
C6H12O6
What are isomers?
Molecules with the same formula but different chemical structures
Name two disaccharides
Sucrose, lactose
What are the three complex carbohydrates?
Starch, cellulose, and glycogen
Which polysaccharides are part of plants?
Cellulose and starch
What is the purpose of starch?
Energy storage
What is the purpose of cellulose?
Plant structure
What is the purpose of glycogen?
Energy storage in animal liver and muscle
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?
A monosaccharide
What are isomers?
Molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures
What is the monomer of a protein
An amino acid
What determines the chemical properties of an atom
Valance electrons
Name two isomers
Glucose and fructose
What are isotopes?
Atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons
