Test 2: Lecture 7

Question 1

cranial and caudal border to see the abdomen

Answer 1

diaphragm

greater trochanter

Question 2

why take abdominal ultrasound during expiration

Answer 2

diaphragm most cranial→ less crowding of the abdomen

longer respiratory pause during expiration

Question 3

5 radio opacities on an xray

Answer 3

Question 4

superimposition

Answer 4

two separate structures of different of similar opacity that overlap on a projection

Question 5

summation

Answer 5

when structures are superimposed, the opacity of the superimposed region is a function of xray attenuation through both structures

overlap area is more opaque- (more white) or more lucent (more black) depending on what is on top of each

Question 6

silhouetting

Answer 6

when two structures with the same opacity are in contract and the margins cannot be distinguised

Question 7

serosal detail

Answer 7

can see the surface of the organ because there is fat surrounding it

Question 8

there is a ____ subject contrast in the abdomen

Answer 8

low

most abdominal organs have the same soft tissue opacity

Question 9

an obese cat has more or less serosal detail

Answer 9

more- more fat = more contrast from soft tissue

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

in DV where is fluid in the stomach

Answer 12

pet laying on belly

fluid in antrum and body

fundus → air → darker

Question 13

on L lateral will will fluid be in the stomach

Answer 13

in the fundus

Question 14

on a VD where is most of the fluid in stomach

Answer 14

fundus and antrum

Question 15

in a R lateral where is fluid in the stomach

Answer 15

in the antrum

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

gastric axis

Answer 17

line from the fundus to the antrum of the stomach

perpendicular to spine and parallel to the ribs

deep chested will tilt the line to toward the head (to the left)

barrel chested= line to the right (caudal)

Question 18

In dogs, small intestinal obstruction would cause ___

Answer 18

increase in the diameter of that segment

all three segments should be similar in size, abnormal if >1.5-2 x larger then the other two segments (two populations)

Question 19

in dogs, you can compare the width of GI tract to the ___

Answer 19

vertebral height at L5

≤ 1.6 times the height of L5

Question 20

in cats the vertebral height should be ___ the width of the GI

Answer 20

≤ 2 times the height of L4

Question 21

in a normal cat the width of GI should be

Answer 21

≤ 12 mm

Question 22

where is cecum in dogs

Answer 22

cork-screw/ C shape on the right side

filled with gas

Question 23

the caudoventral margin of the liver should have what shape?

Answer 23

sharp not rounded

Question 24

microhepatica

Answer 24

very small liver→ gastric axis is cranially displaced

Question 25

hepatomegaly

Answer 25

liver too big

liver margin in rounded

liver extends past the costal arch

gastric axis is caudally displaces

Question 26

spleen in a dog

Answer 26

dorsal extremity: caudal to the gastric fundus

ventral extremity: really anywhere in the ventral area caudal to the stomach

Question 27

which kidney is harder to see?

Answer 27

right

in dogs: silhouettes with the caudate liver lobe

in cats: cranial to left kidney

Question 28

which kidney is usually higher?

Answer 28

right

Question 29

when two areas overlap and the overlap is more opaque that is ___

Answer 29

summation

Question 30

how to measure length of kidney in dogs and cats

Answer 30

compare to length of L2

dog: 2.5-3.5 x the length of L2

Cats: intact: 2.1-3.2 x length of L2, neutered: 1.9-2.6 length of L2

Question 31

Answer 31

ureteroliths

(calcification of the ureters)

Question 32

mineralization in adrenal galnds

Answer 32

cats: incidental finding (sorta normal)

dogs: associated with neoplasia (abnormal cell growth- tumor)

Question 33

prostate

Answer 33

seen in intact dogs

can’t see in cats or neutered dogs

caudal to the bladder, there should be a triangle of fat between

Question 34

size of prostate

Answer 34

lateral: compare to the pubic brim to sacral promontory length

normal <70%

VD: < 50% of the pelvic inlet width