Test 2 Lab: Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the main air conduit beginning inferior to the larynx and extending into the thorax?
What does it bifurcate into?
(44)
Trachea.
Bifurcates into the primary bronchi.
T/F: The trachea doesn’t have a muscularis mucosa present.
44
True.
What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
44
Epithelium comprised of a single layer of columnar shaped cells that appear to be stratified b/c of the variable positions of the nuclei within each individual cell. Technically all the cells touch the basement membrane.
What is the function of cilia?
What is a collection of hundreds of cilia called?
(44)
Cilia collectively move materials across the cell surface and/or to create movement in luminal fluids.
Hundreds = Brush border.
In the upper respiratory tract, where are goblet cells found?
Does the number of goblet cells increase or decrease as you go from the trachea through the respiratory tract to the level of the terminal bronchioles.
(44)
Goblet cells are intercalated among the pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells. # of goblet cells decreases.
Where are the neurovascular elements that supply the wall of the trachea located?
What kind of tissue is it?
(44)
Tracheal submucosa.
Dense irregular connective tissue.
Where are the mixed tracheal glands located?
What are the 3 types?
(44)
Tracheal submucosa.
Mucous acinus, serous acinus, and serous demilune.
What are the pale staining secretory cells that produce mucous?
(44)
Mucous acinus.
What are the dark purple secretory cells with relatively grainy cytoplasm due to the presence of secretory vesicles?
(44)
Serous acinus.
Describe the serous demilune cell?
44
Mixed acinus (both mucous and serous). The serous cells appear as a crescent shaped cap on one side of the cluster of mucous cells.
What kind of cartilage is tracheal cartilage?
What fills the gap in the cartilage ring posteriorly?
(44)
Hyaline cartilage.
Smooth muscle fills the gap posteriorly.
What kind of tissue is the tracheal adventitia?
44
Dense irregular CT.
Located peripherally to the perichondrium of the perichondrium of the hyaline cartilage layer
What does the trachea branch into?
What kind of epithelium do these branches have?
(46)
Bronchus.
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with many goblet cells and cilia present.
(Has submucosal mixed glands and hyaline cartilage islands).
Where does notable histological transitions occur in the respiratory system?
Describe changes.
(46)
Bronchioles.
Epithelium transitions to simple columnar, goblet cells and cilia are reduced in number, and no cartilage present (smooth muscle instead).
What is the final part of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?
What kind of epithelium?
(46)
Terminal bronchiole.
Simple columnar epithelium w/few cilia and no goblet cells.
(Thin layer of smooth muscle).
