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Histology (SW) > Test 2 Lab: Reproductive System > Flashcards

Test 2 Lab: Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the male gonad?
Function?

(54)

A

Testis.

Responsible for spermatozoa production and testosterone secretion.

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2
Q

What is located on the outer surface of the tunica albudinea of the testis?
What kind of epithelium?

(54)

A

Tunica Vaginalis.

Simple squamous epithelial covering. =

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3
Q

What is located just deep to the tunica vaginalis?
What kind of tissue?

(54)

A

Tunica albuginea.
Dense irregular CT.
(Capsule for the testis).

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4
Q

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

54

A

Seminiferous tubules.

Sertoli cells also found here

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5
Q

What do Sertoli cells do?
Where are they found?

(54)

A

Support the development and differentiation of spermatozoa.
Columnar shaped cells that line the internal surface of seminiferous tubules.
Best identified by the elongated, ovoid, euchromatic nucleus with a prominent nucleolus present.

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6
Q

What do spermatogonium do?

54

A

They mitotically divide and produce the cells that go on to differentiate into spermatozoa.
(Located in basal compartment).

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7
Q

What is the cell that has completed meiosis and is preparing to complete the final differentiation to spermatozoan?
How is it best identified?

(54)

A

Spermatid.

Uniformly round homogeneously stained nuclei clustered near the lumen of the seminiferous tubule.

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8
Q

What is the male gamete?
Where does it complete its maturation?

(54)

A

Spermatozoan.

Completes maturation in the ductus epididymis.

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9
Q

What is the cell called that secretes testosterone?
Where is it located?

(54)

A

Leydig (interstitial) cell.

Located in the connective spaces between the seminiferous tubules.

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10
Q

Where are spermatozoa stored as they complete their maturation process?
What also happens here?

(54)

A

Ductus epididymis.

Also reabsorbs spermatozoa that die.

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11
Q

What kind of epithelium is the epididymis mucosa composed of?

(56)

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia.

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12
Q

Where is the ductus deferens?
What does it do?

(56)

A

Very muscular tube extending from the tail of the epididymis into the pelvis where it meets the ejaculatory duct.
Conveys spermatozoa from the epididymis to an expanded region (ampulla) in the pelvis where the spermatozoa are held prior to ejaculation.

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13
Q

What column is the urethra located in?

56

A

Corpus spongiosum.

Urethra is lined by stratified columnar epithelium.

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14
Q

What are the 3 longitudinal columns of erectile tissue in the penis?

(56)

A 
Corpus cavernosum (2 columns).
Corpus spongiosum (1 column).
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15
Q

What is the female gonad?
What is it responsible for?

(58)

A

Ovary.

Follicle development and secretion.

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16
Q

T/F: The germinal epithelium has no role in developing the female germinal cells or gametes.
What kind of epithelium is it?

(58)

A

True.
Simple cuboidal epithelium.
(Analogous to the tunica vaginalis of the testis).

17
Q

What is the function of the tunica albuginea of the ovary?
What kind of tissue is it?

(58)

A

Serves as a capsule for the ovary.

Dense irregular CT.

18
Q

What happens to a primary oocyte just prior to obulation?
After ovulation?

(58)

A

Prior to ovulation it becomes a secondary oocyte.

After ovulation it becomes the female gamete available for fertilization.

19
Q

What are the cells in developing ovarian follicles that surround and support the oocyte?
As they grow, what does their function become?

(58)

A

Follicular cells.

They become secretory for female sex hormones. (esp. estrogen).

20
Q

What is the smallest and most numerous type of follicle present in the ovarian cortex?
What is it characterized by?

(58)

A

Primordial follicle.

Characterized by relatively small oocyte surrounded by one layer of squamous follicular cells.

21
Q

What is the initial stage of a growing follicle induced on a monthly basis by the secretion of FSH?
What is it characterized by?

(58)

A

Primary follicle.

Characterized by a slightly enlarged oocyte surrounded by one or more layers of cuboidal follicular cells.

22
Q

What are the features of a secondary follicle?

58

A

Diameter increases over a primary follicle.
Multiple layers of follicular cells present.
Prominent zona pellucida develops.
Small follicular spaces for and then become an antrum.
Surrounding stroma differentiates into a capsule-like theca.

23
Q

What is the zona pellucida?

58

A

Layer of glycoprotein deposited between the oocyte and the first layer of follicular cells.
First visible at secondary follicle stage.
Functions as a barrier to be penetrated by the spermatozoa at fertilization.

24
Q

What happens to the theca as it develops?

59

A

It separates into a theca interna (secretory for hormones), and a theca externa (blends with the surrounding stroma).

25
Q

What is the cumulus oophorus and when does it become present?

(60)

A

Pedestal of follicular cells that supports and surrounds the oocyte as it protrudes like a stalk into the antrum.
Becomes present in a tertiary follicle.

26
Q

What is a follicle that has died or is in the process of dying called?

(60)

A

Atretic follicle.

27
Q

What are the functions of the corpus luteum?

60

A 
Secretes hormones (estrogen and progesterone). 
Supports uterine endometrial activity and possibly early pregnancy.
28
Q

What is the connective tissue scar that forms following involution of the corpus luteum?

(60)

A

Corpus albicans.

29
Q

What is the tube that spans from the uterus laterally toward the ovary?
What does it do?

(62)

A

Oviduct.

Conveys ovulated oocyte toward uterus and serves as the usual site for fertilization.

30
Q

How are the muscularis layers of the oviduct oriented?

62

A

Inner layer: circular to lumen.

Outer layer: longitudinal to lumen.

31
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

62

A

Endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium.

32
Q

What is the luminal surface of the endometrium lined by?

62

A

Simple columnar epithelium.

Extends from the surface to form uterine glands

33
Q

Which part of the endometrium is sluffed off during the later part of the menstrual cycle?

(62)

A

Stratum functionale.

It’s less dense than the stratum basale

34
Q

What’s the function of the stratum basale?

62

A

Serves as a tissue reservoir for growing a new stratum functionale in the next menstrual cycle.

35
Q

What is the thickest layer of the uterus comprised of highly disorganized smooth muscle?

(62)

A

Myometrium.

Significant growth during pregnancy, but is unchanged during menstrual cycles

36
Q

What is the vagina mucosa lined by?

62

A

Stratified squamous parakeratinized epithelium.

37
Q

Describe stratified squamous parakeratinized epithelium:

62

A

Multilayered tissue.
Most superficial living cells are squamous.
The cells are still nucleated when sluffed off.
The most superficial cells are tightly compressed and adherent to each other.

Histology (SW) (8 decks)

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