Test #2 Intermolecular Forces & Solutions

Question 1

What is intermolecular forces?

Answer 1

Forces that exist between two molecules.

Question 2

What is intramolecular forces?

Answer 2

Forces that are within a molecule.

Question 3

Changes in states of matter are the result of the balance between which two things?

Answer 3

Intermolecular forces and kinetic energy.

Question 4

Kinetic energy is proportional to…

Answer 4

Temperature.

Question 5

What are the types of intermolecular forces?

Answer 5

Dispersion forces (weakest type of intermolecular forces; always present; exist between all types of molecules)
Dipole-dipole force (forces between two polar molecules; the result of an imbalance in electron distribution with a molecule)
Hydrogen bonding (strongest type of intermolecular force; special type of dipole-dipole force; exist between a N, O, or F on one molecule and a H on another molecule.

Question 6

What is surface tension?

Answer 6

Surface tension is a result from imbalanced intermolecular forces at the surface of a liquid.

Question 7

What is viscosity?

Answer 7

Viscosity is the resistance to flow. It’s observes as the thickness of liquid, especially when it changes with temperature.

Question 8

What is a solution?

Answer 8

Homogenenous mixture.

Question 9

What is a solute?

Answer 9

Minor component of a solution.

Question 10

What is a solvent?

Answer 10

The major component of a solution.

Question 11

What is an aqueous solution?

Answer 11

A solution with water as the solvent.

Question 12

What is a saturated solution?

Answer 12

Contains the maximum amount of solute in the GIVEN SOLVENT.

Question 13

What is a unsaturated solution?

Answer 13

It contains less than the maximum amount of solute possible.

Question 14

What is a supersaturated solution?

Answer 14

Contains more than the maximum amount of solute possible.

Question 15

Define solubility.

Answer 15

The amount of solute that CAN BE dissolved in a given amount of solvent.

Question 16

Define soluble.

Answer 16

Dissolves in the chosen solvent.

Question 17

Define insoluble.

Answer 17

Does not dissolve in the CHOSEN solvent.

Question 18

What are the factors that can affect solubility?

Answer 18

Pressure
Temperature
Solute-solvent interactions

Question 19

Define dissociation.

Answer 19

The separation of molecules into smaller particles in a solution. Uusally occurs in ionic compounds. Does not typically occur in covalent compounds.

Question 20

Define electrolytes.

Answer 20

Substances that dissolve in water to form solutions that will conduct electricity. Usually found in ionic compounds. Strong electrolytes can dissociate completely while weak electrolytes undergo partial dissociation.

Question 21

Define nonelectrolytes.

Answer 21

Substance that do not dissociate in water. Form solutions that do not conduct electricity. Usually molecular compounds.
Exception: Acids are molecular compounds but will dissociate in water and form electrolyte solutions.

Question 22

Define concentration.

Answer 22

The amount of solute that is dissolved in a given amount of solvent.

Question 24

Define stock solution.

Answer 24

A concentrated form of a solution used to save space for storage.

Question 25

Define dilute.

Answer 25

Contains a small amount of solute relative to the amount of solvent.

Question 25

Define concentrated.

Answer 25

Contains a large amout of solute relative to the amount of solvent.

Question 26

Define colligative properties.

Answer 26

Properties that depend on the quantity of solute particles, but not the identity.

Question 27

Solute particles may be…

Answer 27

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions.

Question 28

What are the colligative properties?

Answer 28

Freezing Point Depression: freezing point of a solution is lower than the freezing point of the pure solvent.
Boiling Point Elevation: boiling point of a solution is higher than the boiling point of the pure solvent.
Vapor Pressure Reduction.
Osmotic Pressure

Question 29

As freezing point decreases, the freezing point depression…

Answer 29

Increases

Question 30

As the molal concentration increases, the freezing point…

Answer 30

Increases