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Peds > Test 2 Information > Flashcards

Test 2 Information Flashcards

1
Q

Enuresis

A

bedwetting

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2
Q

Who is enuresis common in?

A

boys

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3
Q

When does enuresis typically stop?

A

6-8 years old

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4
Q

Diagnostic Criteria for enuresis

A

child has developmental age over 5 years and occurs 2x times for week for more than 3 months

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5
Q

Causes of enuresis

A

Physical - UTI, impaired kidney function, chronic renal failure, neurological defiits, diabetes, sickle cell disease

Emotional - can manifest as voluntary or involuntary bedwetting most often caused by the child experiencing lots of stress

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6
Q

What is a typical bladder capacity of a child?

A

300-350mL

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7
Q

treatment for enuresis

A

bladder training
fluid restriction in the evenings
wake up overnight to void
drugs - imipramine, oxybutynin, desmopressin

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8
Q

How to calculate bladder capacity of a child

A

Child’s age in years + 2 = bladder capacity in OZ (x30 to get mL)

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9
Q

At what capacity do you stop when calculating bladder capacity?

A

450mL

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10
Q

Health problems related to Sports

A

Stress Fractures and Overuse syndrome

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11
Q

Stress fractures

A

caused by repetitive pounding or excessive force

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12
Q

Symptom of stress fracture

A

sharp, persistent, deep, dull, ache

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13
Q

diagnosis of stress fracture

A

clinical observation or bone scan

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14
Q

overuse syndrome

A

repetitive microtrauma to muscles/tendons

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15
Q

symptoms of overuse syndrome

A

complaints of pain, tenderness, swelling, disability

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16
Q

examples of overuse syndrome

A

tennis elbow and shin splints

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17
Q

management of stress fractures and overuse syndromes

A

rest to alleviate repetitve stress that initiated the symptoms

physical therapy, ice packs, cold whirlpools, NSAIDs

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18
Q

ADHD

A

attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder

inability to control behaviors

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19
Q

hallmarks of ADHD

A

inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity

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20
Q

pathophysiology of ADHD

A

insufficient amounts of dopamine and/or norepinepherine

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21
Q

Interventions for a child with ADHD

A

close supervision, provide support, minimize distraction, set limits, praise child when they follow directions, behavioral plan, medications

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22
Q

diagnostic criteria for ADHD

A

child has to be older than 4 years old

symptoms also have to be present in more than one scenario

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23
Q

ADHD medication

A

Methylphenidate

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24
Q

mechanism of action of methylphenidate

A

nervous system stimulants and release dopamine

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25
Q

when does methylphenidate work

A

works right away

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26
Q

when should you take methylphenidate

A

with breatkfast

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27
Q

when should you NOT take methylphenidate

A

after 2 or 3pm as it will prevent sleeping

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28
Q

What are “vacation days” for methylphenidate

A

don’t take it on the weekends and or days that you do not need it

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29
Q

Turner syndrome

A

absence of only one of the X chromosomes

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30
Q

who does turner syndrome occur in?

A

females only

31
Q

manifestations of turner syndrome

A

sterile, amenorrhea

short stature

no secondary sex characteristics

webbed neck, shield shaped chest, widely spaced nipples, low posterior hairline

32
Q

what causes the manifestations of turner syndrome?

A

little estrogen

33
Q

when is turner syndrome diagnosed

A

not diagnosed until significant puberty delay absence of menstruation

34
Q

what percentage of individuals with turner syndrome have an intellectual disability

A

10%

35
Q

what is the treatment for estrogen

A

estrogen therapy to give her her secondary sex characteristics

36
Q

prognosis for turner syndrome

A

not life-threatening, life xpectancy is relatively normal

37
Q

Kleinfelter syndrome

A

presence of one or more additiona x chromosomes

38
Q

who does kleinfelter syndrome occur in

A

males ONLY

39
Q

manifestations of kleinfelter syndrome

A

defective development of secondary sex characteristics such as less body hair, small testicles, broad hips, and gynecomastia, azoospermia; infertility

40
Q

When is kleinfelter typically diagnosed?

A

no diagnosed until significantly delayed puberyt or even infertility

41
Q

cognitive impairment issues with kleinfelter syndrome

A

cognitive impairment of varying degrees, behavioral problems, possibly gross motor difficulties

42
Q

treatment for kleinfelter syndrome

A

testosterone therapy

43
Q

prognosis for kleinfelter syndrome

A

normal life expectancy

44
Q

School Phobia

A

extreme reluctance to attend school for a sustained period as a result of severe anxiety or fear of school-reated experiences

45
Q

symptoms of school phobia

A

headache, stomach ache, states “not-feeling well”

46
Q

when do symptoms subside for school phobia

A

subside after staying home or on weekends or holidays when the child is not at school

47
Q

Temporary depression

A

acute depression precipitated by a traumatic eventc

48
Q

chronic depression

A

may accompany chronic illness or disability and or caused by familial circumstances

49
Q

commonly abused drugs

A

alcohol, narcotics, marijuana, inhalants, cigarettesin

50
Q

injury prevention in school age kids and adolescents

A

seatbelt while driving, no texting and driving, no drinking and driving, safe sex education, harmful effects of drugs, reckless behavior, not invincible

51
Q

school age

A

6 to 12 years old

52
Q

when does school age years begin physiologically?

A

with the losing of the first tooth

53
Q

when does school age years end phsyiologically?

A

ends at puberty with acquisition of final permanent teeth

54
Q

how much does height increase in school age children in a year?

A

2 inches

55
Q

how much does weight increase in school age children in a year

A

4.5-6.5lbs per year

56
Q

when do females have their growth spurt?

A

ages 5-8 years old

57
Q

prepubescence

A

primary and secondary sex characteristics start to develop to prepare for puberty

58
Q

puberty

A

full maturation of the primary sex characteristics

59
Q

when does prepubescence begin?

A

2 years before puberty

60
Q

when does a girls prepubescence occur in relation to boys

A

girls occurs 2 years prior to boys

61
Q

what happens when puberty hits for both girls and boys?

A

girls - menarche
boys - sperm production

62
Q

average age of puberty in girls

A

10-12

63
Q

average age of puberty in boys

A

12-14

64
Q

psychosocial stage for a school age child

A

industry vs. inferiority

65
Q

characteristics of the stage of industry vs. inferiority

A

“stage of accomplishment”, motivated to complete tasks, growing sense of independence, desire to contribute meaningful work

66
Q

task to complete during the industry vs. inferiority stage

A

acquire a sense of personal and interpersonal competence

67
Q

what is a strong motivator for school age children

A

peer approval

68
Q

what may cause a child to feel inferior?

A

they are not the best at everything and they may be consistently not meeting achievements

69
Q

what to do when a child is consistently not meeting achievements

A

give them more time or make some adaptations to the task

70
Q

Cognitive stage for school age children

A

concrete operations (7-11 years old)

71
Q

criteria for concrete operational stage of cognitive stage for school age children

A

mastering concept of “conservation”, use thought processes to experience events and actions, develop and understanding of relationships between things and ideas and understand time, able to make judgements based on reason

72
Q

ego mastery

A

ego mediates between the selfish desires of the Id and the moral expectations of the superego

73
Q

Cranial nerve 1

A

olfactory nerve

74
Q
A

Peds (2 decks)

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