test 2 fuck it up. Flashcards
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Late stage HIV
acute illness
a sudden interruption of a persons normal activities.
acute stress disorder
the mental, emotional, and physiologic responses to a trauma or crisis.
CD4 count
number of cells that have a protein on the surface that helps the immune system to fight disease.
cognitive appraisal
to have someone categorize a stress encounter as either harmful, a threat of harm, or a challenge to overcome.
coping
the use of resourcefulness and the ability to manage the stress of daily circumstances, such as the challenges posed by pain, disability, or acute or chronic disease.
distress
a subjective response to internal or external stimuli that are threatening or perceived as threatening to the self. This includes fatigue, pain, fear, and acute or chronic disease.
eustress
a nonspecific stress response that is associated with desirable events, such as one’s wedding, a job promotion, or the birth of an infant. Selye found that all living things. including plant life, respond to any type of stress with predictable adaptive patterns.
general adaptation syndrome
the syndrome described by Hans Selye as the body’s response to stress. The GAS occurs in three stages:
- Alarm (fight or flight)
- adaptation
- exhaustion
general inhibition syndrome
unable to respond in any manner after exhaustion stage. (possum response)
homeostasis
the way that the body, with the use of its own feedback mechanisms, maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment
human immunodeficiency virus
is a lentivirus (slowly replicating retrovirus) that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS),[1][2] a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells.
patient empowerment
a growing trend toward patient involvement in decision making regarding the course of treatment
psychologic stress
is all processes, whether originating in the external environment or within the internal environment of the person, that demand a cognitive appraisal of the event before a response or the activation of any other system.
psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology
a relatively new multidisciplinary approach to the study of the intricate mind-body interactions among the neurologic system, the endocrine system, and the immune system.
secondary appraisal
determining what the response will be, such as selecting the coping method to use to reduce the effort of the stress.
viral load
number of viral particles in a sample of blood
allopathic (traditional/conventional) medicine
traditional, or conventional, biomedical model, appears to have a major focus on the disease rather than on perceiving the patient as a whole person.
complementary and alternative medicine
encompasses a broad range of healing philosophies, approaches, and therapies and their accompanying theories and beliefs.
concierge medicine
relatively new practice method for physicians who choose to limit their practice to patients who are able to privately pay an annual fee for extra and special services from that physician
disease
pathogenic conditon
holistic
care model on strengthening ones inner resistance to disease and healing from within or enhancing the body’s innate healing powers
illness
highly individual and personal response that is exhibited as pain, suffering, or distress.
stressor
stimulus causing the stress
limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
is initiated whe the person’s brain percieves a stressor.
Limbic area communicates with;
hypothalamus that stressor is occuring
hypothalamus secretes corticotropnin-releasing factor
in turn alerts pituitary gland regarding need for action against stressor
pituitary secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone,
this stimulates arenal cortex to release cortisol.
Cortisol helps by mobilizing the energy reserves so that the body can rapidly respond
locus of control
an aspect of personality that deals with the degree of control that one perceives over one’s own destimy. Internal _ refers to ability to actively control ones own destiny. External _ refers to the inability to control ones own destiny
Social Readjustment Rating Scale
this scale outlines 43 stressors that are each assigned a point value. The individual adds up the number of points on the basis of the life events that he or she has experienced within the last year. The greater number of points the person receives on the rating scale, the higher the probability is that the individual will develop a physical illness.
compartmentalization
learning to leave a stressor in a designated place. ie. stress of work stays at work
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction
a generic method of relaxation by concentrating on the rhythm of breathing.
anxiety
to warn the individual of impeding threat, conflict, or danger. Also a state of tension, dread, or impending doom that results from external influences that threaten to overwhelm the individual
defense mechanisms
primary methods that the ego uses to control or manage anxiety
defense mechanisms examples
humor sublimation suppression displacement dissociation repression devaluation denial projection splitting of the self image or of the image of others
humor
assists a person with everyday stressors
sublimation
channeling maladaptive thoughts and feelings such as aggression into socially acceptable behaviors.
displacement
transferring a feeling or response toward one person onto another less threatening person or object
suppresion
avoiding thinking about problem areas intentionally
dissociation
an alteration in an awake state during which the person feels detached from his or her surroundings
