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2016 endocrine > Test 2 Diabetes Medications > Flashcards

Test 2 Diabetes Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Regular Insulin

A

Humulin R, Novolin R

Short-acting insulin

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2
Q

Lispro

A

Humalog

Rapid-acting insulin

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3
Q

Aspart

A

Novolog

Rapid acting insulin

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4
Q

Glulisine

A

Apidra

Rapid acting insulin

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5
Q

NPH

A

Humulin N, Novolin N
Intermediate acting insulin

Cloudy

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6
Q

Glargine

A

Lantus
Longer-acting Insulin
Clear at pH 4
Don’t Mix with formulations that have a different pH (precipitates)

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7
Q

Detemir

A

Levemir
Longer-Acting Insulin
Fatty acid (myristic side chain) binds albumin

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8
Q

Degludec

A

Tresiba
Ultra long acting insulin
glutamic and hexadecanedioic side chains increase lipophilicity and cause protein binding

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9
Q

Ryzodeg

A

70% degludec and 30% aspart

Long acting insulin

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10
Q

Exenatide

A

Byetta
GLP-1 agonist
↑ insulin secretion, ↓ glucagon release, delays gastric emptying, ↓ food intake, and normalizes fasting and postprandial insulin secretion
Severe renal impairment: should not be used
DDI: May delay the absorption of other medications
Boxed Warning: Risk of thyroid tumors

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11
Q

Liraglutide

A

Victoza
GLP-1 agonist
↑ insulin secretion, ↓ glucagon release, delays gastric emptying, ↓ food intake, and normalizes fasting and postprandial insulin secretion
Renal Impairment. No dose adjustment, but use with caution
DDI: May delay the absorption of other medications
Boxed Warning: Risk of thyroid tumors

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12
Q

Albiglutide

A

Tanzeum
GLP-1 agonist
↑ insulin secretion, ↓ glucagon release, delays gastric emptying, ↓ food intake, and normalizes fasting and postprandial insulin secretion
Renal Impairment. No dose adjustment (Decreased renal clearance due to bigger size)
DDI: May delay the absorption of other medications
Boxed Warning: Risk of thyroid tumors

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13
Q

Dulaglutide

A

Trulicity
GLP-1 agonist
↑ insulin secretion, ↓ glucagon release, delays gastric emptying, ↓ food intake, and normalizes fasting and postprandial insulin secretion
Renal Impairment. No dose adjustment
DDI: May delay the absorption of other medications
Boxed Warning: Risk of thyroid tumors

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14
Q

Lixisenatide

A

Adlyxin
GLP-1 agonist
↑ insulin secretion, ↓ glucagon release, delays gastric emptying, ↓ food intake, and normalizes fasting and postprandial insulin secretion
Mild to moderate renal impairment: No dose adjustment
DDI: May delay the absorption of other medications
Boxed Warning: Risk of thyroid tumors

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15
Q

Pramlintide

A 
Symlin
amylin agonist
Reduction of postprandial rise in glucagon
Prolongation of gastric emptying
Reduction of caloric intake
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16
Q

Chlorpropamide

A

Diabinese
1st gen sulfonylurea
increase insulin secretion
long DOA> 48 hrs
ADR: Hypoglycemia; Hemolytic anemia (G6PD); allergic skin reaction
Warnings: May increased risk of CV mortality

17
Q

Tolbutamide

A

Orinase
1st gen sulfonylurea
increase insulin secretion
ADR: Hypoglycemia; Hemolytic anemia (G6PD); allergic skin reaction
Warnings: May increased risk of CV mortality

18
Q

Tolazamide

A

Tolinase
1st gen sulfonylurea
increase insulin secretion
ADR: Hypoglycemia; Hemolytic anemia (G6PD); allergic skin reaction
Warnings: May increased risk of CV mortality

19
Q

Glyburide

A

DiaBeta
2nd gen sulfonylurea
increase insulin secretion
ADR: Hypoglycemia; Hemolytic anemia (G6PD); allergic skin reaction
Warnings: May increased risk of CV mortality

20
Q

Glipizide

A

Glucotrol
2nd gen sulfonylurea
increase insulin secretion
ADR: Hypoglycemia; Hemolytic anemia (G6PD); allergic skin reaction
Warnings: May increased risk of CV mortality

21
Q

Glimepiride

A

Amaryl
2nd gen sulfonylurea
increase insulin secretion
ADR: Hypoglycemia; Hemolytic anemia (G6PD); allergic skin reaction
Warnings: May increased risk of CV mortality

22
Q

Repaglinide

A

Prandin
Meglitinide
stimulates insulin release

23
Q

Nateglinide

A

Starlix
Meglitinide
stimulates insulin release

24
Q

Metformin

A 
Glucophage
Biguanide
↓ hepatic glucose production
 and increases glucose utilization
GI upset
Lactic Acidosis (rare)
DDI: Cimetidine, Iodinated contrast Agents
25
Q

Rosiglitazone

A

Avandia
Thiazolidinediones
Stimulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ stimulation
Side effects: Congestive heart failure (rapid weight gain, edema), ↑ bone fractures in females

26
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Actos
Thiazolidinediones
Stimulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ stimulation
Side effects: Congestive heart failure (rapid weight gain, edema), ↑ bone fractures in females

27
Q

Sitagliptin

A 
Januvia
DPP-IV Inhibitors
Block breakdown of GLP-1 
Increases β-cell sensitivity to glucose
 ( ↑ insulin secretion)
Delays gastric emptying
Suppresses glucagon secretion
28
Q

Saxagliptin

A 
Onglyza
DPP-IV Inhibitors
Block breakdown of GLP-1 
Increases β-cell sensitivity to glucose
 ( ↑ insulin secretion)
Delays gastric emptying
Suppresses glucagon secretion
29
Q

Linagliptin

A 
Tradjenta
DPP-IV Inhibitors
Block breakdown of GLP-1 
Increases β-cell sensitivity to glucose
 ( ↑ insulin secretion)
Delays gastric emptying
Suppresses glucagon secretion
Xanthine derivative
30
Q

Alogliptin

A 
Nesina
DPP-IV Inhibitors
Block breakdown of GLP-1 
Increases β-cell sensitivity to glucose
 ( ↑ insulin secretion)
Delays gastric emptying
Suppresses glucagon secretion
31
Q

Janumet

A

Sitagliptan w/ Metformin

32
Q

Acarbose

A

Precose
α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
prevent the hydrolysis of carbohydrates reducing their absorption

33
Q

Miglitol

A

Glyset
α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
prevent the hydrolysis of carbohydrates reducing their absorption

34
Q

Canagliflozin

A

Invokana
SGLT-2 Inhibitor
Blocks Na and glucose resorption in kidney
↓ Weight – eliminating glucose  eliminating calories
Adverse effects: UTI, Polyuria, genitourinary infection, hyperkalemia
May lead to ketoacidosis

35
Q

Dapagliflozin

A

Farxiga
SGLT-2 Inhibitor
Blocks Na and glucose resorption in kidney
↓ Weight
Adverse effects: UTI, Polyuria, genitourinary infection
Should not be used : Active bladder cancer and prior history of bladder cancer
May lead to ketoacidosis

36
Q

Empagliflozin

A

Jardiance
SGLT-2 Inhibitor
Blocks Na and glucose resorption in kidney
↓ Weight
Adverse effects: UTI, Polyuria, genitourinary infection
May lead to ketoacidosis

2016 endocrine (19 decks)

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