Test 2 Diabetes Medications Flashcards by jennifer hunter

Regular Insulin

Humulin R, Novolin R

Short-acting insulin

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Lispro

Humalog

Rapid-acting insulin

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Aspart

Novolog

Rapid acting insulin

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Glulisine

Apidra

Rapid acting insulin

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NPH

Humulin N, Novolin N
Intermediate acting insulin

Cloudy

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Glargine

Lantus
Longer-acting Insulin
Clear at pH 4
Don’t Mix with formulations that have a different pH (precipitates)

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Detemir

Levemir
Longer-Acting Insulin
Fatty acid (myristic side chain) binds albumin

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Degludec

Tresiba
Ultra long acting insulin
glutamic and hexadecanedioic side chains increase lipophilicity and cause protein binding

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Ryzodeg

70% degludec and 30% aspart

Long acting insulin

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Exenatide

Byetta
GLP-1 agonist
↑ insulin secretion, ↓ glucagon release, delays gastric emptying, ↓ food intake, and normalizes fasting and postprandial insulin secretion
Severe renal impairment: should not be used
DDI: May delay the absorption of other medications
Boxed Warning: Risk of thyroid tumors

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Liraglutide

Victoza
GLP-1 agonist
↑ insulin secretion, ↓ glucagon release, delays gastric emptying, ↓ food intake, and normalizes fasting and postprandial insulin secretion
Renal Impairment. No dose adjustment, but use with caution
DDI: May delay the absorption of other medications
Boxed Warning: Risk of thyroid tumors

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Albiglutide

Tanzeum
GLP-1 agonist
↑ insulin secretion, ↓ glucagon release, delays gastric emptying, ↓ food intake, and normalizes fasting and postprandial insulin secretion
Renal Impairment. No dose adjustment (Decreased renal clearance due to bigger size)
DDI: May delay the absorption of other medications
Boxed Warning: Risk of thyroid tumors

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Dulaglutide

Trulicity
GLP-1 agonist
↑ insulin secretion, ↓ glucagon release, delays gastric emptying, ↓ food intake, and normalizes fasting and postprandial insulin secretion
Renal Impairment. No dose adjustment
DDI: May delay the absorption of other medications
Boxed Warning: Risk of thyroid tumors

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Lixisenatide

Adlyxin
GLP-1 agonist
↑ insulin secretion, ↓ glucagon release, delays gastric emptying, ↓ food intake, and normalizes fasting and postprandial insulin secretion
Mild to moderate renal impairment: No dose adjustment
DDI: May delay the absorption of other medications
Boxed Warning: Risk of thyroid tumors

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Pramlintide

Symlin
amylin agonist
Reduction of postprandial rise in glucagon
Prolongation of gastric emptying
Reduction of caloric intake

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Chlorpropamide

Diabinese
1st gen sulfonylurea
increase insulin secretion
long DOA> 48 hrs
ADR: Hypoglycemia; Hemolytic anemia (G6PD); allergic skin reaction
Warnings: May increased risk of CV mortality

Tolbutamide

Orinase
1st gen sulfonylurea
increase insulin secretion
ADR: Hypoglycemia; Hemolytic anemia (G6PD); allergic skin reaction
Warnings: May increased risk of CV mortality

Tolazamide

Tolinase
1st gen sulfonylurea
increase insulin secretion
ADR: Hypoglycemia; Hemolytic anemia (G6PD); allergic skin reaction
Warnings: May increased risk of CV mortality

Glyburide

DiaBeta
2nd gen sulfonylurea
increase insulin secretion
ADR: Hypoglycemia; Hemolytic anemia (G6PD); allergic skin reaction
Warnings: May increased risk of CV mortality

Glipizide

Glucotrol
2nd gen sulfonylurea
increase insulin secretion
ADR: Hypoglycemia; Hemolytic anemia (G6PD); allergic skin reaction
Warnings: May increased risk of CV mortality

Glimepiride

Amaryl
2nd gen sulfonylurea
increase insulin secretion
ADR: Hypoglycemia; Hemolytic anemia (G6PD); allergic skin reaction
Warnings: May increased risk of CV mortality

Repaglinide

Prandin
Meglitinide
stimulates insulin release

Nateglinide

Starlix
Meglitinide
stimulates insulin release

Metformin

Glucophage
Biguanide
↓ hepatic glucose production
 and increases glucose utilization
GI upset
Lactic Acidosis (rare)
DDI: Cimetidine, Iodinated contrast Agents

Rosiglitazone

Avandia Thiazolidinediones Stimulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ stimulation Side effects: Congestive heart failure (rapid weight gain, edema), ↑ bone fractures in females

Pioglitazone

Actos Thiazolidinediones Stimulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ stimulation Side effects: Congestive heart failure (rapid weight gain, edema), ↑ bone fractures in females

Sitagliptin

``` Januvia DPP-IV Inhibitors Block breakdown of GLP-1 Increases β-cell sensitivity to glucose ( ↑ insulin secretion) Delays gastric emptying Suppresses glucagon secretion ```

Saxagliptin

``` Onglyza DPP-IV Inhibitors Block breakdown of GLP-1 Increases β-cell sensitivity to glucose ( ↑ insulin secretion) Delays gastric emptying Suppresses glucagon secretion ```

Linagliptin

``` Tradjenta DPP-IV Inhibitors Block breakdown of GLP-1 Increases β-cell sensitivity to glucose ( ↑ insulin secretion) Delays gastric emptying Suppresses glucagon secretion Xanthine derivative ```

Alogliptin

``` Nesina DPP-IV Inhibitors Block breakdown of GLP-1 Increases β-cell sensitivity to glucose ( ↑ insulin secretion) Delays gastric emptying Suppresses glucagon secretion ```

Janumet

Sitagliptan w/ Metformin

Acarbose

Precose α-Glucosidase Inhibitors prevent the hydrolysis of carbohydrates reducing their absorption

Miglitol

Glyset α-Glucosidase Inhibitors prevent the hydrolysis of carbohydrates reducing their absorption

Canagliflozin

Invokana SGLT-2 Inhibitor Blocks Na and glucose resorption in kidney ↓ Weight – eliminating glucose  eliminating calories Adverse effects: UTI, Polyuria, genitourinary infection, hyperkalemia May lead to ketoacidosis

Dapagliflozin

Farxiga SGLT-2 Inhibitor Blocks Na and glucose resorption in kidney ↓ Weight Adverse effects: UTI, Polyuria, genitourinary infection Should not be used : Active bladder cancer and prior history of bladder cancer May lead to ketoacidosis

Empagliflozin

Jardiance SGLT-2 Inhibitor Blocks Na and glucose resorption in kidney ↓ Weight Adverse effects: UTI, Polyuria, genitourinary infection May lead to ketoacidosis