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BMR 602 > Test 2 Cytoskeleton > Flashcards

Test 2 Cytoskeleton Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Formin bind to and what is it’s function?

A

Monomers Elongates unbranched filaments

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2
Q

What does APR2/3 bind to and what is it’s function?

A

Filaments Initiates formation of branches

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3
Q

What does ADF/cofilin bind to and what is it’s function?

A

Filaments Dissociates and severs filaments

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4
Q

What does Profilin bind to and what is it’s function?

A

Monomers Stimulates filament formation

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5
Q

What does CapZ bind to and what is it’s function?

A

Filaments Caps (+) end

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6
Q

What does Tropomodulin bind to and what is it’s function?

A

Filaments Caps (-) end

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7
Q

What does Fimbrin bind to and what is it’s function?

A

Filaments Connects two filaments close together in parallel

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8
Q

What does a-actinin bind to and what is it’s function?

A

Filaments Connects two filaments in bundle

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9
Q

What does Filamin bind to and what is it’s function?

A

Filaments Cross-links two filaments

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10
Q

WASP/Scar

A

ARP2/3 Activates ARP 2/3

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11
Q

What is G-actin?

A

Globular actin

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12
Q

What is G-actin nucleation?

A

G-actin > Dimers > Trimers

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13
Q

What is F-actin?

A

Filamentous actin

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14
Q

What is F-actin elongation?

A

Monomers are added to the barbed end (+) end.

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15
Q

What end are monomers removed from F-actin?

A

The (-) end

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16
Q

What is required for F-Actin elongation?

A

GTP and G-actin

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17
Q

What does Thymosin-B4 bind to and what is it’s function?

A

ATP-G-Actin Prevents it from polymerizing and leaves when free g-actin concentration goes down.

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18
Q

Dynein

A

Move toward minus end Transports toward the center of the cell

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19
Q

Kinesin

A

Moves toward plus end ATP hydrolysis is required.

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20
Q

Functions of Microtubules?

A

Determines cell shape, Cell locomotion, Intracellular transport, Organelle positioning, Separation of chromosomes during mitosis.

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21
Q

Assembly of microtubules

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A

Formed from alpha and beta subunits, added to plus end.

GTP is cleaved to GDP.

22
Q

Coordinated cycle of cell movements using actin

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A
  1. Extend leading edge
  2. Attachment of leading edge to surface
  3. Retraction of rear
23
Q

What are Filopodia?

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A

Actin filaments that go out first in cell movement.

24
Q

What are lamellopodia?

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A

Actin bundles that follow the filopodia.

25
Key protein to microtuble growth?\>
Y-tubulin is attached to centrosome and binds to minus end.
26
Effect of Polymerases on Microtubules?
Speed up microtubule assembly by increasing incorporation of GTP-Bound tubulin.
27
Effect of depolymerases on Microtubules?
* Speed up disassembly by dissociating GTP-tubulin from the (+) end.
28
What does Cdc42?
Induces formation of filopodia Orients cell based on environmental signals.
29
What does Rac do?
* Rac induces formation of ruffles (lamellipodia) * High concentration at the front of the cell
30
What does Rho do?
* Rho induces stress fibers. * High concentration at the rear of the cell.
31
Axoneme structure?
* Microtubules in a 9 + 2 pattern * 9 doublets of microtubules * Doublets composed of A and B * A is a complete (13 protofilaments) * Each protofilament has dynein. * B is incomplete * Does not have protofilaments
32
Basal Body Structure
Have 9 triplets and the axoneme grows from that.
33
What does CLASP do to microtubules?
Rescue microtubules from catastrophe by stopping disassembly and restarting growth.
34
Where are Map2 and Tau located and what is their function?
MAP2 and Tau stabilize microtubules in neuronal protein. MAP2 is longer, and spaced out farther than tau
35
Where is MAP 4 located?
In non-neuronal cells, and stabilizes microtubules.
36
Describe Microtubules in Neuronal Axons?
* Tau, with plus end facing away from the cell body. * Minus end is not achored at centrosome * Capped at both ends
37
What disease is related to tau tangling in neurons?
Alzheimers
38
Describe Microtubules in Neuronal Dendrites?
MAP2 oriented in both directions.
39
What are the axoneme doublets connected by?
Nexin
40
What is a primary cilium?
* Single non-motile cilium found on many vertebrate cells * Lacks central pair of microtubules and dynein arms.
41
What is the Z-band?
It is an anchor for actin filaments in muscle fibers
42
What is the A-band?
It is the area with both myosin and actin.
43
How do myosin and actin interact to cause muscle contraction?
* Actin and myosin bind very tightly in the absence of tropomyosin and ATP. * ATP will dissociate the two by binding to myosin. * ATP hydrolyzes to ADP. * Release of Ca2+ on actin causes myosin head to bind. * Sequential dissociation of Pi and ADP causes myosin head to ratchet. * This transloacates actin filament toward the M line and pulls the Z disks closer.
44
What type of myosin is found in muscle sarcomere?
Myosin 2
45
Role of Tropomyosin?
Lies in the groove between the two strands of actin. Has a regulatory function and provides structural rigidity to actin.
46
Role of troponin and 3 types?
* Acts as binding site connections for actin filament * Troponin T: Serves to bind troponin to tropomyosin * Troponin C: Contains two high and two low affinity sites for Ca2+ * Troponin I: Inhibitis interaction between actin and myosin.
47
Role of Titin?
* Extends from M line to Z disk * Acts as a spring * Keeps myosin centered in sarcomere * Maintains resting tension that allows muscle to snap back if overextended.
48
Role of Nebulin
* Regulates assembly and alignment of actin filaments
49
Describe Myosin 1
* Functions as a single molecule * Moves along actin filaments * Links actin bundles to plasma membrane of intestinal microvilli * Moves toward plus end.
50
Describe Myosin 5
* Dimer like myosin 2 * Moves twoard plus end of actin filament * Moves hand over hand on actin filament * Transports material into the bud of the yeast.
51

BMR 602 (7 decks)

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