Test 2: Chapters 4,5,6 Flashcards
The greatest health risk for preschoolers
an injury or illness
Making the environment safe for preschoolers
by removing (not just hiding) weapons such as guns, razors, scissors, medication, and other potentially dangerous items.
When does handedness show in a child
Preschool period: age 3-6 years old but can start favoring one hand at 7 months.
What is Piaget’s stage of cognitive development for preschoolers called?
Preoperational stage: Stage from 2-7 years old in which children’s use of symbolic thinking grows mental reasoning emerges and the use of concepts increase.
According to Piaget, what is a preschool child’s major advancement (having to do with symbols)?
Preoperational stage: the stage from approximately age 2 to age 7 in which children’s use of symbolic thinking grows, mental reasoning emerges, and the use of concepts increases.
Egocentric thought:
Thinking that does not take into account the viewpoints of others
Centration:
The process of concentrating on one limited aspect of a stimulus and ignoring other aspects.
Conservation
The knowledge that quantity is unrelated to the arrangement and physical appearance of object.
Scaffolding and the Zone of Proximal Development (Vygotsky)
Zone of Proximal Development is the level at which a child can almost, but not fully, perform a task independently, but can do so with the assistance of someone more competent.
Scaffolding is the support for learning and problem solving that encourages independence and growth
Private Speech
Speech by children that is spoken and directed to themselves
Fast-Mapping
Instance in which new words are associated with their meaning after only a brief encounter.
How much time per week do preschools watch TV?
21 hours
What % of preschoolers (between 4 and 6 years old) have used a computer?
70%
TV and young preschoolers (up to 2 years old)- how much TV watching is recommended?
It is recommended that children up to 2 years old want no television.
Erikson’s name for the preschool-aged child’s stage of development?
They move from the autonomy-versus-shame-and-doubt stage to the initiative-versus-guilt stage.
Collectivists orientation
a philosophy that promotes the notion of interdependence. Individuals tend to regard themselves as part of a large social network, in which they are interconnected with and responsible to others.
Individualists orientation
A philosophy that emphasizes personal identity and the uniqueness of the individual. Emphasizes personal identity and the uniqueness of the individual, seeing themselves as self contained and autonomos, in competition with others for scarce resources.
Gender Identity
the perception of oneself as male or female.
Gender Schema
a cognitive framework that organizes information relevant to gender.
Authoritarian parents
Parents who are controlling, punitive, rigid, and cold, and whose word is law. They value stricts, unquestion-ing obedience from their children and do not tolerate expressions of disagreement.