Test 2 Chapter 5 Flashcards
Social support
Perceived comfort, caring, assistance and information that a person receives from others
What is the most important type of social influence?
Social support
Social influence
Real or imagined pressure to change attitudes, behavior, or beliefs
Approaches for social support (2)
- Measure size of one’s social network
2. Measure amount and type of support a person receives
Types of Social Support (5)
Instrumental, emotional, informational, companionship, and validation
Instrumental social support
Tangible, practical assistance that will help a person achieve exercise goals
Spotting a weightlifter at a gym, driving one’s father to rehab, and taking care of a baby are all examples of what type of social support?
Instrumental social support
Emotional social support
Encouragement, caring, empathy, and concern
Examples of emotional support
Praising one for their efforts, sympathizing when one complains, etc.
- What does emotional social support enhance? (4)
- Self-esteem
- Comfort
- Acceptance
- Reassurance
What does emotional support reduce?
Anxiety
Informative social support
Giving information, advice, or suggestions & feedback
Examples of informative social support
Tips, sharing life experiences, explaining
Companionship social support
Examples?
Reflects availability of people with whom one can exercise
Examples: friend, family, or exercise group
Validation social support
Involves comparing oneself with others in order to gauge progress and to confirm one’s thoughts, feelings, problems, & experiences are normal
Example of validation
“If they can do it, so can I.”
What does social support depend on? (3)
- Moods/feelings
- Biophysical changes
- Developmental/age-related changes
Do social support needs differ between the sexes?
Yes! Women have a greater need for companionship and emotional types of physical activity support relative to men.
Pros of family social support? (4)
- Lower dropout rates
- Reminders/encouragement
- Spousal help for mothers with kids
- Parental support
Cons of family support? (3)
- Pestering for not exercising
- Behavior reluctance (advocated one responds in opposite direction)
- Social control
What effects can an exercise leader/instructor have?
Both positive and negative
The 4 behaviors of transformative leadership
- Idealized influence
- Inspirational motivation
- Intellectual stimulation
- Individualized consideration
Idealized influence
Generate trust & respect of others & acts as a role model
Inspirational motivation
Be optimistic about what others can accomplish
Intellectual stimulation
Engage in rationality of others, cause them to look at old pictures in new ways
Individualized consideration
Demonstrate care for others physical & psychological needs
Components of an exercise group (3)
Group cohesion, group composition, & group size
