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psychopathology > test 2 ch 5-10 > Flashcards

test 2 ch 5-10 Flashcards

1
Q

anxiety disorder

A

negative mood state/worry about the future, with physical tension

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2
Q

biological contributor to anxiety

A

neurotransmitters: low GABA, high Noradrenaline. CRF

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3
Q

Corticotropin Releasing Factors

A

affect many parts of the brain, limbic system

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4
Q

psychological contributor to anxiety

A

sense of being out of control, conditioning external (environment), conditioning internal (body learns the symptoms of anxiety

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5
Q

cognitive contributor to anxiety

A

catastrophizing, inaccurate interpretation, stressful life events

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6
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

chronic worry about everything
worries are disproportionate to reality
difficulty concentrating

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7
Q

treatment for anxiety

A

SSRI, SNSRI, minor tranquilizers
Cognitive therapy, worry exposure, relaxation training

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8
Q

body dysmorphic disorder

A

preoccupation with flaws in physical appearance

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9
Q

PTSD

A

exposure to actual/threatened death, injury, or sexual violence with distressing memories/flashbacks

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10
Q

treatment of PTSD

A

medication targeted at symptoms
exposure therapy
cognitive therapy

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11
Q

acute stress disorder

A

trauma symptoms that resolves in a month

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12
Q

adjustment disorder

A

distressing reaction to stressor within 3 months

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13
Q

mood disorders

A

involve disabling disturbance in emotion

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14
Q

major depressive episode

A

period of 2 weeks where there is a depressed mood or loss of interest in activities

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15
Q

manic episode

A

period of 1 week with persistent elevated or irritable mood

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16
Q

hypomanic episode

A

period of 4 days with lesser manic episode symptoms

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17
Q

major depressive disorder

A

MDE with no other epidsodes

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18
Q

persistent depressive disorder

A

depressed mood more days than not for 2 years
lower levels of dysfunction than MDE

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19
Q

bipolar disorder 1

A

occurrence of 1 or more manic episodes
may have had MDE in the past

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20
Q

bipolar 2

A

1 or more MDE
at least one hypomanic episodes, no manic episode

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21
Q

cyclothymic

A

numerous periods of hypomanic or depressive episodes that don’t fully meet the criteria

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22
Q

specifiers

A

used to describe the most recent episode

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23
Q

with mixed features

A

depressive symptoms during a hypomanic episodes
manic symptoms during MDE

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24
Q

with anxious distress

A

anxiety only present during an episode

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25
Q

with atypical features

A

oversleep/eat, still react with pleasure or interest to some things

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26
Q

with melancholic features

A

extreme depression

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27
Q

with catatonic features

A

total absence of movement

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28
Q

catalepsy

A

can hold the position they have been put in
may also have rapid movements

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29
Q

with psychotic features

A

hallucinations or delusions during an episode

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30
Q

seasonal pattern

A

regular time between the onset of MDE and a time of year
remission also occur at specific time

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31
Q

peripartum onset

A

during pregnancy and 6 months after birth
can occur with psychotic features

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32
Q

biological contributors to mood disorders

A

there is a genetic component
identical twins are 3x as likely to to have a mood disorder

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33
Q

neurotransmitter influences

A

serotonin- regulates other neurotransmitters
low levels = depression

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34
Q

psychological contributors to mood disorders

A

periceved loss of control
tendency to interpret events in negative ways
stressful life events
social support

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35
Q

gender differences

A

females are more likely to experience events influencing mood disorders

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36
Q

nolen hoeksma’s

A

hormonal causes

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37
Q

drug treatment of mood disorders

A

tricyclics, MAOI, SSRI, electroconvulsive, transactional magnetic stimulation

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38
Q

tricyclics

A

alleviate depression in 50% of of patients
side effects are greater

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39
Q

MAOI

A

fewer side effects
has drastic interaction with drugs and foods

40
Q

SSRI

A

block serotonin reuptake

41
Q

electroconvulsive therapy

A

only used in severe cases where they don’t respond to other treatments

42
Q

transactional magnetic stimulation

A

activate regions of the brain not active during episodes

43
Q

psychological treatments for mood disorders

A

CBT
interpersonal psychotherapy- focusing on social support

44
Q

drug bipolar treatment

A

mood stabilizers, antidepressants, antipsychotics

45
Q

psychological bipolar treatment

A

medication compliance
coping skills

46
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

complaints about bodily symptoms that do not warrant medical attention
not under persons control

47
Q

illness anxiety

A

preoccupation with having or acquiring an illness

48
Q

functional neurologic symptom

A

1 or more symptoms of altered voluntary or sensory function (blind for ex)

49
Q

malingering

A

faking bad for a secondary gain

50
Q

factitious disorder

A

no clear secondary gain

51
Q

dissociative disorder

A

change in sense of identity, memory, consciousness

52
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

unable to recall personal information related to trauma or stressful experience

53
Q

dissociative fugue

A

memory loss combined with travel

54
Q

depersonalization / derealization

A

experience of unreality / detachment being outside of world

55
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A

at least 2 distinct identities (alters)

56
Q

etiology for DID

A

severe abuse or trauma
not able to escape and creates personalities

57
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

fear of gaining weight or losing control of eating habits
normal body weight is not maintained
lack of body awareness

58
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

episodes of rapid consumption of food followed by purging

59
Q

types of purging

A

vomiting, laxatives, diuretic, fasting, excessive exercise

60
Q

binge eating disorder

A

distress of binging but not purging
cycle between diet and binging
binges once a week for 3 months

61
Q

atypical anorexia

A

within normal weight range

62
Q

eating disorder treatment

A

CBT
teaching consequences
familial education

63
Q

sleep-wake disorder

A

dyssomnia- amount, timing, quality of sleep
parasomnia- arousal, sleep stage transition

64
Q

primary insomnia

A

issues initiating, maintaining, and nonrestorative sleep
the biological clock is off, temperature, stress, thoughts

65
Q

hypersomnolence

A

excessive sleepiness even with normal sleep or excess sleep

66
Q

narcolepsy

A

irresistible need to sleep

67
Q

cataplexy

A

sudden onset of REM sleep stage

68
Q

obstructive sleep apnea

A

5 pauses in breathing per hour

69
Q

central sleep apnea

A

associated with CNS
wake up multiple times

70
Q

sleep related hypoventilation

A

decreased respiration with elevated CO2

71
Q

circadian rhythm sleep disorder

A

bio clock not matching the outside world (like jet lag)

72
Q

nightmare

A

well-remembered distressing dreams

73
Q

NREM arousal

A

don’t remember sleep terrors/sleepwalking

74
Q

paraphilia

A

group of disorders involving sexual attraction to unusual objects or sexual activities for 6 months

75
Q

voyeurism

A

watching others undress

76
Q

exhibitionism

A

exposing genitals to strangers

77
Q

frotteurism

A

rubbing genitals or groping usually in crowds

78
Q

sadism

A

inflicting pain or humiliation or torture
(only disorder if they cannot orgasm without this)

79
Q

masochism

A

receiving pain or humiliation or torture
(only disorder if they cannot orgasm without this)

80
Q

pedophilia

A

individual at least 16 with 5 yrs different

81
Q

fetishism

A

relying on an object to become sexually aroused

82
Q

transvestic

A

aroused from dressing as other sex

83
Q

drug treatment for paraphilia

A

antiandrogen- reduces testosterone

84
Q

psychological treatment for paraphilia

A

covert sensitization
orgasmic reconditioning

85
Q

convert sensitization

A

pair of undesirable consequences with arousing images

86
Q

orgasmic reconditioning

A

pair desirable images with sexual arousal (desirable images via society not individual)

87
Q

sexual dysfunction

A

sexual problems that inhibit the normal sexual response cycle

88
Q

male hypoactive sexual desire disorder

A

reduced sex drive

89
Q

erectile disorder

A

a desire for sex but difficulty with arousal
in majority of encounters over 6 months

90
Q

premature/early ejaculation

A

recurrent ejaculation with partner after 1 to 2 minutes

91
Q

female sexual interest/arousal disorder

A

reduces sex drive, initiation, thoughts, unreceptive to partners initiation
physical not just mental

92
Q

female orgasmic disorder

A

difficulty achieving orgasm

93
Q

genital-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

A

pain, fear of pain, fear of penetration

94
Q

biological causes of sexual dysfunction

A

vascular disease (limited blood flow to genitalia)
diabetes
hormone/alcohol/medication

95
Q

psychological causes of sexual dysfunction

A

disorders, emotions, maladaptive cognitions, lack of education, relationship factors, unrealistic expectations

psychopathology (3 decks)

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