test 2 ch 5-10 Flashcards
anxiety disorder
negative mood state/worry about the future, with physical tension
biological contributor to anxiety
neurotransmitters: low GABA, high Noradrenaline. CRF
Corticotropin Releasing Factors
affect many parts of the brain, limbic system
psychological contributor to anxiety
sense of being out of control, conditioning external (environment), conditioning internal (body learns the symptoms of anxiety
cognitive contributor to anxiety
catastrophizing, inaccurate interpretation, stressful life events
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
chronic worry about everything
worries are disproportionate to reality
difficulty concentrating
treatment for anxiety
SSRI, SNSRI, minor tranquilizers
Cognitive therapy, worry exposure, relaxation training
body dysmorphic disorder
preoccupation with flaws in physical appearance
PTSD
exposure to actual/threatened death, injury, or sexual violence with distressing memories/flashbacks
treatment of PTSD
medication targeted at symptoms
exposure therapy
cognitive therapy
acute stress disorder
trauma symptoms that resolves in a month
adjustment disorder
distressing reaction to stressor within 3 months
mood disorders
involve disabling disturbance in emotion
major depressive episode
period of 2 weeks where there is a depressed mood or loss of interest in activities
manic episode
period of 1 week with persistent elevated or irritable mood
hypomanic episode
period of 4 days with lesser manic episode symptoms
major depressive disorder
MDE with no other epidsodes
persistent depressive disorder
depressed mood more days than not for 2 years
lower levels of dysfunction than MDE
bipolar disorder 1
occurrence of 1 or more manic episodes
may have had MDE in the past
bipolar 2
1 or more MDE
at least one hypomanic episodes, no manic episode
cyclothymic
numerous periods of hypomanic or depressive episodes that don’t fully meet the criteria
specifiers
used to describe the most recent episode
with mixed features
depressive symptoms during a hypomanic episodes
manic symptoms during MDE
with anxious distress
anxiety only present during an episode
with atypical features
oversleep/eat, still react with pleasure or interest to some things
with melancholic features
extreme depression
with catatonic features
total absence of movement
catalepsy
can hold the position they have been put in
may also have rapid movements
with psychotic features
hallucinations or delusions during an episode
seasonal pattern
regular time between the onset of MDE and a time of year
remission also occur at specific time
peripartum onset
during pregnancy and 6 months after birth
can occur with psychotic features
biological contributors to mood disorders
there is a genetic component
identical twins are 3x as likely to to have a mood disorder
neurotransmitter influences
serotonin- regulates other neurotransmitters
low levels = depression
psychological contributors to mood disorders
periceved loss of control
tendency to interpret events in negative ways
stressful life events
social support
gender differences
females are more likely to experience events influencing mood disorders
nolen hoeksma’s
hormonal causes
drug treatment of mood disorders
tricyclics, MAOI, SSRI, electroconvulsive, transactional magnetic stimulation
tricyclics
alleviate depression in 50% of of patients
side effects are greater
MAOI
fewer side effects
has drastic interaction with drugs and foods
SSRI
block serotonin reuptake
electroconvulsive therapy
only used in severe cases where they don’t respond to other treatments
transactional magnetic stimulation
activate regions of the brain not active during episodes
psychological treatments for mood disorders
CBT
interpersonal psychotherapy- focusing on social support
drug bipolar treatment
mood stabilizers, antidepressants, antipsychotics
psychological bipolar treatment
medication compliance
coping skills
somatic symptom disorder
complaints about bodily symptoms that do not warrant medical attention
not under persons control
illness anxiety
preoccupation with having or acquiring an illness
functional neurologic symptom
1 or more symptoms of altered voluntary or sensory function (blind for ex)
malingering
faking bad for a secondary gain
factitious disorder
no clear secondary gain
dissociative disorder
change in sense of identity, memory, consciousness
dissociative amnesia
unable to recall personal information related to trauma or stressful experience
dissociative fugue
memory loss combined with travel
depersonalization / derealization
experience of unreality / detachment being outside of world
dissociative identity disorder
at least 2 distinct identities (alters)
etiology for DID
severe abuse or trauma
not able to escape and creates personalities
anorexia nervosa
fear of gaining weight or losing control of eating habits
normal body weight is not maintained
lack of body awareness
bulimia nervosa
episodes of rapid consumption of food followed by purging
types of purging
vomiting, laxatives, diuretic, fasting, excessive exercise
binge eating disorder
distress of binging but not purging
cycle between diet and binging
binges once a week for 3 months
atypical anorexia
within normal weight range
eating disorder treatment
CBT
teaching consequences
familial education
sleep-wake disorder
dyssomnia- amount, timing, quality of sleep
parasomnia- arousal, sleep stage transition
primary insomnia
issues initiating, maintaining, and nonrestorative sleep
the biological clock is off, temperature, stress, thoughts
hypersomnolence
excessive sleepiness even with normal sleep or excess sleep
narcolepsy
irresistible need to sleep
cataplexy
sudden onset of REM sleep stage
obstructive sleep apnea
5 pauses in breathing per hour
central sleep apnea
associated with CNS
wake up multiple times
sleep related hypoventilation
decreased respiration with elevated CO2
circadian rhythm sleep disorder
bio clock not matching the outside world (like jet lag)
nightmare
well-remembered distressing dreams
NREM arousal
don’t remember sleep terrors/sleepwalking
paraphilia
group of disorders involving sexual attraction to unusual objects or sexual activities for 6 months
voyeurism
watching others undress
exhibitionism
exposing genitals to strangers
frotteurism
rubbing genitals or groping usually in crowds
sadism
inflicting pain or humiliation or torture
(only disorder if they cannot orgasm without this)
masochism
receiving pain or humiliation or torture
(only disorder if they cannot orgasm without this)
pedophilia
individual at least 16 with 5 yrs different
fetishism
relying on an object to become sexually aroused
transvestic
aroused from dressing as other sex
drug treatment for paraphilia
antiandrogen- reduces testosterone
psychological treatment for paraphilia
covert sensitization
orgasmic reconditioning
convert sensitization
pair of undesirable consequences with arousing images
orgasmic reconditioning
pair desirable images with sexual arousal (desirable images via society not individual)
sexual dysfunction
sexual problems that inhibit the normal sexual response cycle
male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
reduced sex drive
erectile disorder
a desire for sex but difficulty with arousal
in majority of encounters over 6 months
premature/early ejaculation
recurrent ejaculation with partner after 1 to 2 minutes
female sexual interest/arousal disorder
reduces sex drive, initiation, thoughts, unreceptive to partners initiation
physical not just mental
female orgasmic disorder
difficulty achieving orgasm
genital-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
pain, fear of pain, fear of penetration
biological causes of sexual dysfunction
vascular disease (limited blood flow to genitalia)
diabetes
hormone/alcohol/medication
psychological causes of sexual dysfunction
disorders, emotions, maladaptive cognitions, lack of education, relationship factors, unrealistic expectations
