Test 2: Bonds, Naming, Chemical Reactions, Moles Flashcards
What is the octet rule?
Giving or losing valence electrons to make a full outer shell.
What is the duet rule?
When the full outer shell is 2 valence electrons.
What is an ionic bond?
When positive metals attract negative non-metals.
What makes a positively charged ion?
When an element loses electrons.
What makes a negatively charged ion?
When an element gains electrons.
What’s a cation?
Positively charged ion.
What’a an anion?
Negatively charged ion.
What are the type of bonds that dissociate in water and thus make for excellent electrolytes?
Ionic bonds.
What do electrolytes do?
Conduct electricity in water
What are covalent bonds?
Non-metals sharing their valence electrons to obtain full outer shells.
What are the strongest types of bonds?
Covalent bonds.
What are the polyatomic ions?
Carbonate (CO3 2-) Nitrate (NO3 -) Phosphate (PO4 3-) Sulphate (SO4 2-) Hydroxide (OH -) Ammonium (NH4 +)
What are the bonds used in polyatomic ions?
Ionic bonds.
How do you name ionic compounds?
End the non-metal with “ide”.
How do you name covalent compounds?
Use a prefix in front of both elements and end in “ide” on the last element.
How do you name compounds with transition metals?
Metal (roman numeral of valence electrons) and non-metal ending with “ide”.
What’s the name of NaCl?
Sodium chloride.
What’s the name of Li2S?
Lithium sulfide.
What’s the name of CO?
Carbon monoxide.
What’s the name of N2O3?
Dinitrogen trioxide.
What’s the name of CuF2?
Copper (II) fluoride.
What’s the name of Fe2S?
Iron (III) sulfide.
What’s the name of Na2SO4?
Sodium sulfate.
What’s the name of NH4Cl?
Ammonium chloride.
What’s the name of Cu(NO3)2?
Copper (II) nitrate
What’s the name of Al2 (SO4)3?
Aluminum sulfate.
How do you find the formulas?
Cross over the charged ions (divide if possible).
What is the formula of silicon and oxygen?
SiO2
What is the formula of sodium and bromine?
NaBr
What is the formula of magnesium and fluorine?
MgF2
What is the formula of aluminum and oxygen.
Al2O3
How do you determine charges on transition metals?
Figure out how many electrons the non-metal(s) need to get a full outer shell(s). Take into account how many transition metals are in the formula.
What is the charge of gold in Au2S3?
3
What is the charge of copper in CuF2?
2
What is the charge of titanium in TiCl4?
4
What is the charge of one iron element in Fe2S3?
3
What is the charge of iron in Fe(NO3)3?
3
What is the formula of manganese (IV) sulfide?
MnS2
What is the formula of copper (II) ion with nitride ion?
Cu3N2
What is the formula of iron (III) with bromine?
FeBr3
What’s a physical change?
A change in state.
What is a chemical change?
Forms a new substance.
What is oxidation?
A reaction with oxygen.
What is decomposition?
Bigger molecules break into smaller molecules.
What is the conservation of matter?
Same amount of atoms at start and end.
4 Ag + O2 = 2 Ag2O
What is a mole?
It is a unit of measurement (a number of atoms).
What is Avogadro’s number?
6.02X10 to the power of 23 (particles)
What’s atomic mass?
The mass of an element.
1 carbon = 12.01 2 carbons = 12.01X2 etc…
What is molar mass?
grams/mol (molecular mass, atomic mass)
How to you go from grams to moles to particles?
grams (molar mass) moles (avogadro’s number) particles
Hoe many grams of B in 10 moles of B?
108.81 g
How many moles in 100g of C?
8.33 mols
How many particles in 20g of CO2?
2.709X10^23 particles of C2
How many grams in grams of C2 in 2.15X10^19
8.58X10^-4 g of C2
How many mols in in 1.25X10^6 particles of CO2?
2.08X10^-18 mol CO2
