Test 1: Matter?

Question 1

What are the sub atomic particles (saps)?

Answer 1

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

Question 2

What forces repel each other?

Answer 2

Positives (+1 +1)

Negatives (-1 -1)

Question 3

What forces attract teach other?

Answer 3

Opposites (+1 —-> -1)

Question 4

What is the difference between an element and an atom?

Answer 4

An element can be diatomic.

Question 5

What are the diatomic molecules?

Answer 5

Iodine
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Bromine 
Oxygen
Chlorine 
Fluorine
(With the little 2)

Question 6

What is the difference between the atomic mass and the mass number?

Answer 6

Mass number: Full number

Atomic mass: Number with decimal

Question 7

What does the atomic number represent?

Answer 7

The number of protons.

Question 8

How do you find the number of neutrons?

Answer 8

Mass number - atomic number

Question 9

Which sap determines the element?

Answer 9

Protons

Question 10

What makes an atom stable?

Answer 10

Same number of protons and neutrons or slightly more neutrons than protons.

Question 11

What makes an atom of neutral charge?

Answer 11

Same number of protons and electrons.

Question 12

What makes a positive ion?

Answer 12

More protons than electrons.

Question 13

What makes a negative ion?

Answer 13

More electrons than protons.

Question 14

What are isotopes?

Answer 14

Atoms of the same element with varying number of neutrons.

Question 15

What are radioactive isotopes?

Answer 15

Atoms where the number of neutrons greatly exceeds the number of protons.

Question 16

What are some uses of radioactive isotopes?

Answer 16

• Carbon dating. Use C14 to date fossils (more carbon left: younger. Less carbon left: older).
• Use as radiation for medical treatments (kill cells).

Question 17

What makes an atom CHEMICALLY stable?

Answer 17

When the element has a full outer shell. (Noble gases)

Question 18

How do you make a chemically unstable element stable?

Answer 18

By giving, taking or sharing valence electrons.

Question 19

What is the mass of each proton?

Answer 19

1 amu

Question 20

What is the mass of each neutron?

Answer 20

1 amu

Question 21

What is the mass of each electron?

Answer 21

0.0005 amu

Question 22

What are trends in the periods of the periodic table?

Answer 22

• The number of valence electrons goes up one from left to right.
• Each period has the same number of shells.

Question 23

What are trends in the groups of the periodic table?

Answer 23

• The number of shells goes up one from top to bottom.

- Each group has the same number of valence electrons.

Question 24

What are valence electrons?

Answer 24

The number of electrons on the outer most shell.

Question 25

Which group is unreactive?

Answer 25

Noble gases because they have full shells, they are complete.

Question 26

Which groups are highly reactive?

Answer 26

Alkali metals and Halogens because they only need to gain or lose one electron to be complete.

Question 27

What are some periodicities?

Answer 27

- Atomic radius - Electronegativity - Chemical Reactivity - Ionization

Question 28

What is the periodicity of atomic radius?

Answer 28

Going down it increases because a shell is added. Going across it decreases because there are more protons and electrons (charges), more attraction, so everything gets pulled in and becomes closer (smaller).

Question 29

What is electronegativity?

Answer 29

An atoms power of attraction to an electron in a chemical bond. (Ability to attract electrons).

Question 30

What is the periodicity of electronegativity?

Answer 30

Going down energy decreases because there are more layers of electrons in the way of the protons, so less attraction. Going across energy increases because there are more protons and less electrons that need to be attracted (the element is getting more excited so more energy).

Question 31

What is ionization?

Answer 31

The ability to get rid of and pull off electrons.

Question 32

What is the periodicity of ionization?

Answer 32

Going down energy decreases because it takes less force to pull off an electron thats farther away from the attraction of the protons. Going across energy increases because it takes more force to pull the electrons away, more protons holds the electrons with greater force.

Question 33

What is chemical reactivity?

Answer 33

The ability of an element to react.

Question 34

What is the periodicity of chemical reactivity?

Answer 34

Going across it starts high (alkali metals, very reactive, only need to lose one electron), decreases, increases (halogens, very reactive, only need to gain one electron).

Question 35

What are characteristics of metals?

Answer 35

- Malleable - Shiny (has lustre) - Conducts electricity and heat - Reacts with acid - Melt at high temperatures

Question 36

What are characteristics of non-metals?

Answer 36

- Brittle - Dull - Non-conductive - Non-reactive - Melt at low temperatures

Question 37

What are characteristics of metalloids?

Answer 37

Has characteristics of both metals and non-metals.

Question 38

What are 3 types of substances?

Answer 38

- Ionic compounds (metals bonded to non-metals) - Molecules (non-metals bonded to non-metals) - Metal objects (metals bonded to metals)