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Soils II > Test 2 Additional questions > Flashcards

Test 2 Additional questions Flashcards

0
Q

What is meant by Thrust fault?

A

When layers of rock collide and one layer is “thrusted” over the other resulting in the exposure of very old rock at the surface.

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1
Q

What is meant by melange?

A

Term describing disruption of rock at subduction zone where one peice of crust is consumed by another

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2
Q

How was the omnicea formed?

A

Result of a plate collision where high pressures metamorphosed huge masses of granite and igneous rock.

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3
Q

whats a fault?

A

Where tectonic plates collide

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4
Q

Which reacts more violently to acid? Limestone or DOLOMITE?

A

limestone

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5
Q

What is meant by aphanitic?

A

Fine grained

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6
Q

What is meant by phaneritic?

A

coarse grain

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7
Q

What is meant by poryphyritic

A

Large crystals locked together with smaller crystals

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8
Q

What is meant by pyroclastic?

A

Composites of ejected volcanic fragments

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9
Q

What two groups are sedimentary rocks separated into?

explain the basis of differentiation

A

Clastic - composed of fragments from pre-existing material

Chemical Precipitate - minerals Precipitate out of water and settle to the bottom

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10
Q

What are the two types of micas?

A

Biotite - ferro magnesium
Muscovite - non ferro magnesium
Form at cooler temperatures

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11
Q

What are the two types of feldspar?

Differentiate

A

Orthoclase - Pink colour - non striated

Plagioclase - light or dark - striated

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12
Q

What is the texture of extrusive rocks?

What about intrusive?

A

Extrusive - Aphanitic

Intrusive - Phaneritic

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13
Q

What are the macro nutrients that come from the atmosphere?

Rocks?

A

H,C,O,N

P,K,Ca,Mg,S

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14
Q

Name some micro nutrients

A

Cl, B, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mo

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15
Q

What is andesite?

A
  • Fine grain
  • Igneous Extrusive
  • Mainly plagioclase with other minerals like hornblende/pyroxine/biotite
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16
Q

What is Rhyolite?

A
  • Light coloured
  • igneous extrusive
  • Similar to granite in composition (Quartz+Feldspar)
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17
Q

What is Basalt?

A
  • Igneous extrusive
  • Fine grain
  • Dark colour
  • Formed by quick cooling of magma at surface of earth
  • Similar to Gabbro in composition (plagioclase/pyroxine/olivine)
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18
Q

What is Obsidian?

A
  • Igneous extrusive

- forms when molten rock cools so rapidly that atoms do not have time to arrange themselves into crystal structure

19
Q

What is Gabbro?

A
  • Igneous intrusive
  • black/dark green
  • similar composition to basalt but forms deeper (Plagioclase/augite/olivine)
20
Q

What is Granite?

A
  • Igneous intrusive
  • Mainly quartz and feldspar
  • Slow cooling of lava beneath earths crust
21
Q

What is Diorite?

A
  • Igneous intrusive
  • light colour
  • similar to andesite but formed deeper in the earth
  • (plagioclase/biotite/hornblende)
22
Q

What is limestone?

A
  • Clastic sedimentary

- Formed primarily from the organic accumulation of shell and coral debris

23
Q

What is conglomerate?

A
  • Clastic sedimentary

- Composed of compacted/lithified gravel size fragments of weathered material

24
Q

What is Dolomite?

A
  • Sedimentary chemical precipitate
  • Similar to limestone but less reactive to acid
  • Light colour
  • reacts with acid
25
Q

What is sandstone?

A
  • Clastic sedimentary

- accumulation and lithification of sand sized particles

26
Q

What is Shale?

A
  • Clastic sedimentary
  • Accumulation and lithification of clay sizes weathering debris
  • generally dark colour
27
Q

What is siltstone?

A
  • Clastic sedimentary

- accumulation and lithification of silt sized weathering debris

28
Q

Differentiate conglomerate and breccia

A

conglomerate has rounded fragments
breccia has angular fragments
-Both clastic sedimentary

29
Q

What are metamorphic rocks?

A

Igneous or sedimentary rocks that have been subjected to intense heat and pressure by tectonic activity or contact with lava

30
Q

What two groups can metamorphic rocks be split into?

A 
foliated and non foliated
foliated
-slate
-phyllite
-schist
-Gneiss
Non foliated
-quartzite
-marble
-metaconglomerate
31
Q

What is gneiss?

A
  • foliated metamorphic

- metamorphosed granite (feldspar/quartz)

32
Q

What is quartzite?

A
  • non foliated metamorphic

- metamorphosed sandstone

33
Q

What is marble?

A
  • non foliated metamorphic rock

- metamorphosed limestone

34
Q

What is schist?

A
  • Foliated metamorphic

- metamorphosed from basalt or shale

35
Q

What is slate?

A
  • foliated metamorphic

- metamorphosed shale

36
Q

What groups are silicate rfms separated into?

A 
Ferro-magnesium
-olivine
-pyroxine(augite)
-Hornblende(amphibole)
-biotite
Non Ferro magnesium
-Muscovite
-orthoclase
-plagioclase
-quartz
37
Q

What does hardness refer to?

A

a measure of the mohs scale from 1-7

-measure of resistance to abrasion

38
Q

What are optical properties?

A

refers to the way that light passes through an object

  • Opaque - light does not pass through
  • Translucent - light passes through with low clarity
  • Transparent - light passes through clearly
39
Q

What is specific gravity?

A

ratio of mineral mass to equal mass of water

40
Q

What are the 5 RFM groups?

give examples if possible

A 
Silicates - pyroxine, hornblende, biotite
Oxides - hematite, magnetite
Sulfides - pyrite, galena
Sulphates - Gypsum
Carbonates - Calcite
41
Q

What is Bowens Reaction Series?

A

Bowens reaction series is a chart that refers to the specific temperatures that minerals will precipitate from magma.

  • Calcic - hottest
  • Plagioclase - medium
  • Sodic - coolest
42
Q

What are 5 essential mineral characteristics?

A
  • Naturally occurring
  • Non organic
  • Solid
  • Definite atomic structure
  • Definite chemical composition
43
Q

What is cleavage?

A

Refers to how a crystal will separate based on internal planes of weakness

  • either basal (perpendicular) or prismatic (parralell) to face of crystal.
  • not all have cleavage
44
Q

What is a streak plate made of?

A

white porcelain

45
Q

What is lustre?

most common?

A

Refers to the way that light reflects off an object

-vitreous (glasslike) is most common

Soils II (11 decks)

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